Water heaters are an essential piece of equipment for any camper, providing hot water for showers, washing dishes, and more. There are several types of water heaters available for campers, including gas, electric, solar, and tankless heaters. These heaters vary in terms of power source, size, and portability, and can be fuelled by electricity, propane, or coolant. When choosing a water heater for your camper, it's important to consider your hot water requirements, budget, and space constraints. Proper maintenance of your water heater is also crucial to ensure its longevity and optimal performance.
Characteristics | Values |
---|---|
Types | Propane, electricity, heat from the engine, solar energy, energy recovery |
Size | 4, 6, 10, 14, 16 gallons |
Main Manufacturers | Suburban, Atwood, Girard, Bosch, Rheem, Eccotemp, Marey, Dometic, Furrion, GIRARD, FOGATTI, CAMPLUX, GE Appliances, HyBridShower, GASLAND, VEVOR, SUBURBAN MFG, RecPro, Tankless, AquaHot, IsoTemp Spa, Eberspaecher, AquaHot, Road Shower |
What You'll Learn
Electric vs. Propane Water Heaters
There are several options for water heaters in campers, including propane, electricity, solar energy, and engine heat. Here is a detailed comparison between electric and propane water heaters to help you decide which one is better suited for your camper.
Efficiency and Performance
According to the Propane Energy and Research Council (PERC), a standard propane water heater with a tank performs more efficiently than a standard electric water heater with a tank. Propane water heaters can provide hot water immediately and consistently, so you won't run out mid-use. Electric heaters, on the other hand, may require a longer wait for hot water and may not be able to maintain the temperature throughout your shower.
Electric water heaters heat water more slowly than gas models, but they do so more efficiently. The heating rods are submerged in a sealed tank, resulting in minimal heat loss. In contrast, gas water heaters burn hotter but lose much of their energy output through the vent, which is necessary for discharging toxic gases.
Cost
The upfront cost of a standard tanked electric water heater is typically around $500, while a standard tanked propane water heater will cost around $700. However, propane water heaters tend to save money in the long run due to their higher efficiency. According to PERC, an ENERGY STAR storage tank propane water heater can save a household 13% to 16% on heating costs annually.
Safety
Electric water heaters are generally considered safer than gas heaters because they do not have a gas line, burner, pilot light, or dangerous exhaust gases. There is no risk of gas leaks or explosions, and you don't need to worry about relighting a pilot light.
Installation and Maintenance
All homes have electric service, so installing an electric water heater is generally more accessible. If your home already has a 240-volt connection near the water heater area, you won't need any additional work. Gas water heaters may require bringing in propane or municipal gas, which can be costly. Additionally, gas heaters may require relighting the pilot light from time to time.
Environmental Impact
Propane water heaters produce fewer carbon emissions than electric heaters. A propane water heater with a tank generates about 46% fewer greenhouse gas emissions, while a tankless propane heater emits 70% fewer emissions.
Size and Space
Propane is a more compact option as it is more efficient. A typical 40-gallon propane storage tank provides the same amount of hot water as a 50-gallon electric storage tank. Electric heaters offer a wider range of sizes, especially for point-of-use (instant demand) water heaters.
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Tank vs. Tankless Water Heaters
When it comes to water heaters for your camper or RV, you have two main options: tank or tankless. Both have their pros and cons, and the right choice for you will depend on factors such as your budget, how much hot water you typically need, and how much space you have.
Tank Water Heaters
Tank water heaters are the more traditional option for RVs. They typically use propane or electricity to heat water, and they come in various sizes, with 6-gallon and 10-gallon tanks being the most common. Smaller 4-gallon tanks and larger 16-gallon tanks are also available. The main manufacturers of tank-based RV water heaters are Atwood and Suburban.
One advantage of tank water heaters is that they provide instant hot water as soon as you turn on the tap. The water only needs to travel from the heater to the tap, so there is minimal waiting time. Tank water heaters are also generally more affordable than tankless heaters, with prices starting around $355 for a 6-gallon tank.
However, one of the main drawbacks of tank water heaters is that they have a limited supply of hot water. If you have multiple people trying to take showers or do the dishes, you may run out of hot water before everyone is finished. Additionally, tank water heaters take up more space and are heavier than tankless heaters.
Tankless Water Heaters
Tankless water heaters, also known as on-demand or instantaneous water heaters, heat water as it passes through a coil. They provide an endless supply of hot water as long as you have a power source (propane or electricity) and water coming into your RV. This type of water heater is becoming increasingly common in new RVs due to its compact size and weight savings.
One of the biggest advantages of tankless water heaters is that you never have to worry about running out of hot water, no matter how many people are using it. They are also safer than tank heaters because they turn off between uses, reducing the risk of overheating.
However, one of the main drawbacks of tankless water heaters is the time it takes for the water to heat up. There is a delay of about 20 to 30 seconds for the water to get heated and flow from the tap. Additionally, tankless water heaters require a lot of power to run on electricity, and they may not be suitable for RVs that are not regularly hooked up to an electrical source.
Both tank and tankless water heaters have their pros and cons. Tank water heaters provide instant hot water but have a limited supply. On the other hand, tankless water heaters offer an endless supply of hot water but may take longer to heat up and are more expensive. Ultimately, the decision between a tank or tankless water heater will depend on your specific needs and preferences.
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Gas + Electric Hybrid Water Heaters
A gas + electric hybrid water heater is a great option for those who want the benefits of both gas and electric water heaters. These systems use a combination of gas and electric power to heat water, offering a more energy-efficient and cost-effective solution. Here are some key details about gas + electric hybrid water heaters:
How They Work
Benefits
One of the biggest advantages of gas + electric hybrid water heaters is their energy efficiency. By utilising two power sources, these systems can heat water more quickly and with less energy waste. This not only reduces your carbon footprint but also lowers your energy bills. Additionally, hybrid water heaters often have advanced features such as leak detection and auto-shutoff valves, providing added peace of mind.
Installation and Compatibility
Maintenance and Care
To ensure optimal performance and longevity, regular maintenance is crucial. This includes tasks such as descaling the water heater, checking and replacing the anode rod, and winterising the system if you're storing your RV during cold months. Proper maintenance will help prevent issues such as corrosion and freezing, extending the lifespan of your hybrid water heater.
Availability and Cost
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Solar Water Heaters
The solar water heating kits available on the market today are highly efficient, utilising solar energy to heat water that is then stored in your existing water tank. The kits typically include solar panels, a circulation pump, a solar panel to power the pump, tubing, and various fittings and adapters. The installation process is relatively straightforward, and you can choose from a range of panel quantities to suit your needs.
One such option is the Heliatos RV Solar Water Heater Kit, which includes the Heliatos SW-38 solar water heating panel. This panel is designed to be robust, with a strong aluminium frame and unbreakable polycarbonate glazing, weighing only 12 lbs. The kit is easy to install and connects directly to your existing hot water heater, allowing you to keep your current source of heat as a backup.
Another option is the BHA Solar Hot Water Heating Kit, which is also highly efficient and comes with all the necessary parts for installation. This system works by pumping cold water from your water heater through solar heating panels, where it is heated by the sun. The pump is powered by a photovoltaic solar panel, so it operates off-grid. This kit is designed to work with existing 6 and 10-gallon RV tanks and includes similar components to the Heliatos kit, such as tubing, adapters, and compression unions.
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Water Heater Maintenance
Regular maintenance of your camper's water heater is crucial for its longevity and efficiency. Here are some detailed instructions on how to maintain your water heater and keep it in good working condition:
- Understand how it works: Before performing any maintenance, it is important to understand how your water heater functions. Camper water heaters work similarly to those in traditional homes. A heating element heats the water in the tank, and when you turn on a hot water faucet, hot water is pulled from the tank. As hot water is used, cold water is pulled back into the tank to be heated. Most camper water heaters run on either electricity or propane, and some can use both simultaneously to increase hot water production.
- Consult the manual: Always refer to your water heater's manual before performing any maintenance tasks. The manual will provide specific instructions and safety precautions for your particular model.
- Turn off the power: Ensure that the power to your water heater is turned off by flipping the breaker switch before beginning any maintenance work.
- Drain the water: If your camper will be sitting idle for extended periods, it is advisable to drain the water heater to prevent water stagnation and potential odour issues. Drain the water by removing the plug or using the drain valves.
- Install a bypass valve: If you plan on using your camper in cold weather, install a water heater bypass valve. This valve will help protect your water heater from freezing temperatures.
- Winterize the water heater: Before storing your camper for the winter, prepare your water heater by turning off the heater and letting the water cool down. Then, drain the tank, clean the heater using an RV water heater rinser, and rinse away any debris with the city water supply.
- Clean the tank: Before your first trip of the season, clean the water heater tank using an RV water heater rinser or a mild cleaning solution. This will help remove any built-up minerals or debris.
- Flush the tank: It is recommended to flush your water heater tank at least twice a year to remove mineral deposits and prevent corrosion. Use a water heater rinser or a mild solution such as white vinegar to flush the tank, followed by a thorough rinse with clean water.
- Check the electric heater element: Refer to your manual to determine if and how you can check the electric heater element for any signs of corrosion or damage. This step may require removing some components, so proceed with caution.
- Inspect the vents: Regularly check the vents around your water heater for any debris buildup. Wipe them down and ensure they are clear of obstructions.
- Clean the burner tube: If your water heater uses propane, it has a burner tube that carries propane to the burner. Clean this tube periodically with compressed air or a brush to remove any debris, insect nests, or spider webs that could obstruct the flow of propane.
- Replace the anode rod: Some water heaters have an anode rod that helps protect the tank from corrosion. Check the anode rod periodically, and replace it when it is heavily corroded or every 3-5 years.
- Inspect before each trip: Before embarking on a trip, visually inspect your water heater for any signs of leaks, debris in the burner or vent slots, or any other potential issues.
- Prevent hard-water corrosion: If you are in an area with hard water, consider installing an anode rod in your water heater to help prevent hard-water corrosion.
- Choose the right anode rod material: When replacing the anode rod, choose between aluminum and magnesium. Magnesium is more reactive and offers better protection, but it may need to be replaced more frequently in areas with very hard water. Aluminum rods are preferred in locations with hard water to reduce the frequency of replacement.
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Frequently asked questions
There are several types of water heaters for campers, including:
- Propane (LP) Only Water Heaters
- Gas + Electric Hybrid Water Heaters
- Tankless Water Heaters
- MotorAid Water Heaters (supplemental for motorhomes)
The choice depends on your unique situation. Consider factors such as your camping locations, electricity availability, and hot water requirements. If you camp in places with electricity, a gas+electric hybrid heater is a good option. For boondocking without electric hookups, a propane-only heater is reliable and affordable. For full-time living or families, a tankless heater provides a steady stream of hot water.
Here are some tips:
- Drain the water heater during winter to prevent freezing and damage.
- Install an anode rod to prevent corrosion and extend the heater's life.
- Adjust the water temperature according to your preferences, referring to the owner's manual.
- Regularly clean the heater tube and use insect guards to prevent insect nests.