Surge Protectors: Preventing Back Feed In Campers

Surge protectors are an essential accessory for RVs, protecting your vehicle's electrical system from power surges. While not all RV parks have power sources that are wired by certified electricians, and miswired pedestals are common, a surge protector acts as a buffer between your RV and the power of the electrical outlet. Surge protectors can be portable or hardwired, with the latter being more durable and reliable but requiring more installation time. They can also be basic or an electrical management system (EMS), with the latter offering a more robust solution that protects your RV from high voltage, low voltage, reverse polarity, open neutral, open ground, and various other issues. While a basic surge protector is better than nothing, an EMS is recommended if your budget allows.

What is a surge protector and how does it work?

A surge protector, also known as a spike suppressor, surge suppressor, surge diverter, surge protection device (SPD), or transient voltage surge suppressor (TVSS), is a device that protects electrical devices from voltage spikes. These spikes are transient events, lasting 1 to 30 microseconds, that can reach over 1,000 volts.

A surge protector works by limiting the voltage supplied to electrical devices to a certain threshold. It does this by either short-circuiting the current to the ground or absorbing the spike when a transient occurs, thus preventing damage to the connected devices.

The two most common types of surge protectors are:

• Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV): This is the most common type of surge protector. It contains a metal oxide material in the middle, joined to the power and grounding line by two semiconductors. When the voltage exceeds a certain level, the MOV diverts the extra voltage, acting as a "shunt" resistor.
• Gas Discharge Arrester (GDR): GDRs are typically used in power substations, industrial plants, or inside office buildings. When the voltage surges above a certain level, the electrical power ionizes the gas, making it a conductor. The GDR then passes the current to the ground line until the voltage returns to normal levels.

Other types of surge protectors include transient voltage suppression diodes, thyristor surge protection devices, and gas discharge tubes.

Surge protectors are essential for protecting electronic devices from power surges, which can occur due to lightning strikes, large appliances turning on, home wiring problems, or issues with the local power provider.

Is a surge protector necessary for an RV?

A surge protector is a device that sits between your RV's electrical system and the power source, protecting it from dangerous voltage spikes that can damage electrical equipment. While it's not essential for every camping situation, it's a good idea to have one in your RV toolbox when plugged into shore power.

Why You Might Need a Surge Protector

Power surges can occur during lightning storms or when the power grid is under strain, such as on hot days when everyone is running their air conditioning. This can impact the power coming into your RV and damage anything plugged in, from appliances like refrigerators and air conditioners to electronic devices like computers, TVs, and phones.

Surge Protector vs. Power Strip

Power strips simply add extra outlets, while surge protectors add extra protection. Home power strips are typically rated for 15 or 20 amps, so they won't provide adequate protection for your RV. However, you can use a home surge protector inside your RV for extra protection and outlets for your personal electronics.

Surge Protector vs. EMS

Surge protectors and EMS (Electrical Management Systems) both protect your RV's electrical system but differ in their level of protection. A surge protector safeguards against sudden voltage spikes, while an EMS provides more comprehensive protection against power surges, low voltage, reverse polarity, and open grounds. It can also monitor the power supply and turn off or on as needed.

Types of Surge Protectors

There are two main types of surge protectors: portable and hard-wired. A portable surge protector is cheaper and more convenient, but a hard-wired system ensures protection whenever you plug into shore power and reduces the risk of theft.

Choosing the Right Surge Protector

When choosing a surge protector, it's essential to match the amperage of your RV. For example, if you have a 30-amp RV, you'll need a 30-amp surge protector. You can also opt for an EMS system, which offers more advanced protection for your RV's electrical system.

In conclusion, while a surge protector for your RV is not mandatory, it is a wise investment to protect your electrical equipment from potential damage caused by power surges.

Pros and cons of a portable vs hardwired surge protector

When it comes to surge protection for your RV, you have two main options: portable or hardwired. Both have their pros and cons, and the right choice for you will depend on your specific needs and priorities.

Portable RV Surge Protectors

Pros

The biggest advantage of portable RV surge protectors is their convenience. They are easy to install and remove, and most of them offer a simple plug-and-play option. This makes them ideal for RVers who frequently switch vehicles or want to test power pedestals before settling at a campsite. Additionally, some portable models offer advanced features such as line side and load side protection, which can protect against internal RV electrical issues and external faults. They are also generally more affordable and accessible than hardwired units.

Cons

The main drawback of portable RV surge protectors is their susceptibility to theft and accidental loss. While some models come with locking mechanisms, they are still more vulnerable than hardwired units. Additionally, portable units may not detect issues with your RV's shore power cord.

Hardwired RV Surge Protectors

Pros

Hardwired RV surge protectors offer superior security and longevity compared to portable units. They are integrated directly into your RV's electrical system, providing optimal protection for sensitive equipment. These units automatically analyze incoming power for issues like open ground or high/low voltage and only allow safe power into your RV. They also feature reset functions and, in some cases, internal displays for convenient monitoring. Hardwired protectors are also less likely to be stolen since they are placed inside the RV.

Cons

The main disadvantage of hardwired RV surge protectors is their lack of flexibility. They require professional installation, which can be costly and time-consuming. They are also less versatile than portable units, especially for RVers who frequently switch vehicles. Additionally, hardwired units may not be as easily accessible for maintenance or replacement if needed.

In summary, the decision between portable and hardwired RV surge protectors depends on your specific needs. If you value convenience, flexibility, and affordability, a portable unit might be the best choice. On the other hand, if you prioritize security, longevity, and comprehensive protection, a hardwired unit is advisable. Consider your usage patterns, the level of protection you require, and your budget when making your decision.

How to secure a surge protector from theft

Surge protectors are essential for protecting your RV’s electrical system and appliances from power surges. However, portable surge protectors are often left outside the RV with the power cord, making them highly susceptible to theft. Here are some ways to secure a surge protector and prevent it from being stolen:

Use a Bicycle Chain and Padlock

A cheap and effective method is to use an old bicycle chain and padlock to secure the surge protector to a post. Wrap the chain tightly around the cord and then lock it in place with a padlock. This will make it very difficult for a thief to steal the device without ruining it or using bolt cutters.

Get a Lockbox

Use a lockbox designed to fit your surge protector to lock the device to the electrical pedestal. Ensure the box is spacious enough to accommodate the protector and power cable, made from heavy-duty metal, and easy to install. This will make it harder for thieves to break into and will protect your investment when you are inside your RV or away from the campground.

Use a Locking Cable

A locking cable is similar to the bicycle chain method but uses a cable lock designed to protect outdoor equipment. Wrap the cable around the surge protector and secure it to the pedestal power post. These cables are typically made from strong, flexible, and durable materials like braided steel and come with their own set of keys. Some models have longer cables that can be wound around the device multiple times for added security.

Get a Hardwired Surge Protector

For complete peace of mind, invest in a hardwired surge protector model. Unlike portable protectors, hardwired protectors are installed directly into your RV, becoming a permanent part of the camper. While this option requires more time and effort for installation, it provides the highest level of security as it cannot be easily removed by potential thieves. Hardwired protectors also offer all-weather protection from the elements and advanced features like automatic shut-off and LED indicators.

Other Tips

• Use a ball plug lock by attaching it to the end of your power cord and looping it around a stake or pole. This ensures that the surge protector cannot be unplugged without first being unlocked.
• Use a chain and padlock or a combination lock to secure the surge protector to a solid part of your RV, such as the frame or axle component, or to a nearby post or tree. Ensure the chain is tight with no openings for hands to fit through.
• Install a master lock, which comes in various sizes and provides added protection. Remember to write down the combination and store it in a safe place.
• Use a Python keyed lock, which can be easily installed on most RV surge protectors and provides an extra layer of security.
• Invest in a lock with an audible alarm to deter thieves and alert you of any attempts to remove the device.
• Install a GPS tracking device on your surge protector to easily locate it if it is stolen. Choose a small device that fits inside the protector's housing, and ensure it has a motion sensor to alert you if it is moved.
• Use motion-activated security lights and cameras to deter thieves and create an extra layer of security.

How to choose the best surge protector for your RV

Surge protectors are devices that protect your RV's electrical system from power surges. They are essential when plugging your RV into a power pedestal, as some outlets may be prone to power surges or have low voltage, which can wreak havoc on your RV's electrical system and even damage your electronics.

Types of Surge Protectors

There are two main types of surge protectors: basic surge protectors and electrical management systems (EMS). While both types have the same purpose of protecting your RV's electronics, they offer different levels of protection.

Basic surge protectors only protect against high voltage, such as power surges caused by lightning strikes or miswired outlets. On the other hand, EMS provides more comprehensive protection against various electrical issues, including high and low voltage, reverse polarity, open neutral, and open ground.

Factors to Consider when Choosing a Surge Protector

• Type of Surge Protector: As mentioned earlier, basic surge protectors only offer protection against high voltage, while EMS provides more comprehensive protection. It is generally recommended to invest in an EMS to ensure better protection for your RV's electrical system and appliances.
• Amp Rating: The amp rating of the surge protector should match your RV's electrical system. Most RVs use either 30-amp or 50-amp power connections. You can determine your RV's amp rating by looking at the number of prongs on the connector at the end of your power cord. A 30-amp connection usually has three prongs, while a 50-amp connection has four prongs.
• Joules Rating: The joules rating indicates the surge protector's ability to absorb and dissipate excess energy during a power surge. A higher joules rating generally provides better protection against larger power surges. Look for a surge protector with a joules rating of at least 1000, preferably higher.
• Portability: Surge protectors come in two forms: portable and hardwired. Portable surge protectors are easy to install and can be moved between different RVs. They are typically plugged into the power pedestal, and then your RV's power cord is plugged into the surge protector. Hardwired surge protectors, on the other hand, are permanently installed inside your RV and offer a more discreet solution.
• UL Certification: Look for a surge protector that is UL certified, which means it has been tested and certified by Underwriter Laboratories, a third-party organization that ensures product safety and durability.
• Weather Resistance: If you plan to use your RV in varying weather conditions, look for a surge protector with weather-resistant features, such as a waterproof housing or cover. This will ensure that your surge protector can withstand rain, snow, or other adverse weather conditions.
• Display: Some surge protectors come with an LED display that provides information about voltage, frequency, and any error codes or warnings. This can be helpful in diagnosing electrical issues and understanding the status of your power supply.
• Security: Portable surge protectors are more susceptible to theft, so consider getting one with a locking bracket or cable lock to secure it to the power pedestal. Hardwired surge protectors, on the other hand, are less likely to be stolen since they are installed inside your RV.
• Price: Surge protectors can range in price from around $50 to several hundred dollars. It is important to consider your budget, but keep in mind that a higher-quality surge protector can provide better protection for your RV and potentially save you from costly repairs in the long run.

Recommended Surge Protectors for Your RV

Based on the factors mentioned above, here are some recommended surge protectors for your RV:

• Progressive Industries SSP-30XL RV Surge Protector: This portable surge protector is designed for 30-amp RVs and offers comprehensive protection against various electrical issues. It has a joules rating of 825 and an amp rating of 22,500. It features indicator lights for various electrical issues and operates in a wide temperature range.
• Progressive Industries EMS-PT30X Portable 30-Amp Surge Protector: This portable EMS is also designed for 30-amp RVs and offers additional features such as an LED display and high/low voltage protection. It has a joules rating of 1,790 and an amp rating of 44,000. It also includes a locking bracket for added security.
• Progressive Industries EMS-PT50X Portable 50-Amp Surge Protector: For 50-amp RVs, this portable EMS provides excellent protection with a joules rating of 3,580 and an amp rating of 88,000. It includes an LED display and protects against high/low voltage, reverse polarity, open neutral, and open ground.
• Surge Guard 44280 Portable 30-Amp Surge Protector: This budget-friendly option is ideal for 30-amp RVs and offers basic protection against power surges. It has a joules rating of 2,100 and is UL certified. It includes indicator lights for various electrical issues and comes with a weather-resistant housing and rain-proof cover.
• Surge Guard 35550 50-Amp Surge Protector: For 50-amp RVs, this hardwired surge protector provides robust protection with a joules rating of 3,850 and an amp rating of 6,500. It protects against power surges, high/low voltage, open ground, open neutral, and reverse polarity. It also has a reset delay feature to protect your RV's air conditioning compressor.
• Hughes Autoformer PWD30: This 30-amp surge protector is easy to install and includes Bluetooth connectivity, allowing you to monitor power conditions on your smartphone. It provides basic surge protection and can also enhance low voltage situations.
• Camco 50 Amp Power Defender: This hardwired surge protector is designed for 50-amp RVs and offers protection against power surges up to 4,200 joules. It also protects against high/low voltage, open ground, open neutral, and reverse polarity. It includes diagnostic LED indicators and is weather-resistant.
• Progressive Industries HW50C Surge & Electrical Protection: This hardwired EMS is designed for 50-amp RVs and offers comprehensive protection with a joules rating of 3,580 and an amp rating of 88,000. It includes an LED display with error codes and can operate in a wide temperature range. It also comes with a Lifetime Warranty from Progressive Industries.
• Southwire Black 34930 30A Surge Guard: This portable surge protector is ideal for 30-amp RVs and offers comprehensive protection with a joules rating of 2,450 and an amp rating of 6,500. It includes an LCD display, automatic reset, and a locking cord for anti-theft protection.
• Camco 55301 Power Defender

Frequently asked questions