Exploring Legalities Of Permanent Camper Trailer Living

Camper trailers provide an affordable dwelling option for people, but living in one comes with certain legal considerations. The laws and regulations regarding this vary based on location, and there may be rules against it depending on where your property is located. In some regions, camper trailers are not recognised as permanent residences, and there may be zoning issues and homeowners' association agreements prohibiting full-time residence. However, some rural subdivisions allow their property owners to live in a camper while constructing a permanent house, usually with a time limit attached.

Property zoning regulations

In some areas, living in a camper trailer or RV full-time is only permitted in a dedicated RV park or campground. However, some regions have less stringent restrictions and allow camper trailers or RVs to be considered an accessory dwelling unit (ADU) on a property with a primary permanent residence. Additionally, rural areas that don't have county zoning laws or homeowners' associations may allow full-time living in camper trailers or RVs.

It is important to note that HUD Law FR-5877-P-01 regulates the RV manufacturing industry and not RV owners. This law states that manufacturers must label certain RVs as intended for "recreational" use and not "full-time living." However, this does not restrict individuals from using their RVs as they see fit, whether for recreational purposes or full-time living.

HUD Law

The HUD (Housing and Urban Development) Law FR-5877-P-01 is a regulation that relates to the RV manufacturing industry and not RV owners. It requires manufacturers to label certain RV types as for "recreational" use and not "full-time living".

The HUD law does not make it illegal to live in an RV, but it does mean that RVs are not considered permanent residences. This means that local zoning laws and regulations, which often require a permanent structure, may prohibit people from living in an RV on their property.

However, there are some ways to get around these restrictions. For example, registering an RV as an Accessory Dwelling Unit (ADU) or finding land with no zoning restrictions.

The HUD law also does not restrict people from living in RV communities or RV parks, which are designed for full-time RV living and often include amenities and utilities.

In summary, while the HUD law does not explicitly prohibit living in an RV, it does impact how local laws and regulations are applied, which can make it challenging for people who wish to live in an RV on their property.

Utilities and maintenance

Firstly, it is essential to understand the difference between "living" and "camping" in a camper trailer. Many jurisdictions have regulations that restrict full-time residence in a camper trailer, often limiting the amount of time one can stay to a few months. Therefore, it is crucial to research the property zoning regulations and the HUD Law in your area.

If you plan to live in a camper trailer, you will need to address utilities such as power, water, and sewer. This may involve bringing utilities to the property or finding off-grid solutions. For example, you could invest in an off-grid power system, water collection, and a composting toilet.

Maintenance is another key consideration for camper trailer living. Regular maintenance tasks, such as checking tire pressure and tread, inspecting holding tanks, and maintaining the wastewater system, are essential to keep your trailer in good condition. Seasonal maintenance, such as winterizing your trailer, is also important.

Living in a camper trailer may also require adapting to a smaller space and being mindful of safety hazards. Proper organization, minimizing open food packages, and storing maintenance tools and cleaning supplies in a tow vehicle can help create a more comfortable and safe living environment.

Additionally, camper trailer living may entail higher gas expenses, maintenance items for both the trailer and the towing vehicle, insurance needs, and food supplies. It is important to have a stable income to afford these expenses.

Overall, utilities and maintenance are crucial aspects of living in a camper trailer, and proper planning, preparation, and regular maintenance tasks will help ensure a smooth and enjoyable experience.

Costs of full-time RV living

The monthly cost of full-time RV living can vary from $1,600 to $5,000, depending on your travel style and needs. Here are the main expenses to consider:

Fixed Costs

• RV Purchase: The average monthly payment for an RV ranges from $225 to $650, depending on the type of RV and negotiated terms.
• RV Insurance and Registration: RV insurance typically costs around $1,500 annually ($100-$200 per month), with larger RVs costing more to insure. Registration fees vary by RV class, weight, and state.
• RV Maintenance and Repairs: It's recommended to have a cash reserve of $5,000 for unexpected repairs, or budget $100-$200 per month for maintenance and repairs.

Variable Costs

• Campground Fees: Basic RV parks with few amenities charge $20-$40 per night, while luxury campgrounds with more facilities can cost $70-$120 per night.
• Fuel Costs: Fuel expenses depend on travel distance, RV fuel economy, and gas prices. Expect to pay $300-$500 per month on gas.
• Food and Groceries: Food expenses for two people can range from $500 to $1,000 per month, depending on dining out and grocery choices.
• Entertainment: Internet access and entertainment can be costly. A Wi-Fi hotspot and router, combined with a signal booster, can provide a stable connection. Solar power systems are also an option for off-grid power.

Hidden Costs

• Laundry: Coin laundry can be necessary if your RV doesn't have a washer and dryer.
• Toll Roads: An RV TollPass can be purchased for around $95 to cover toll road expenses.
• RV Storage: If you need to store your RV, outdoor storage costs $50 per month, while indoor storage is $100.
• Medical Expenses: Always have a medical emergency fund for unexpected treatments.
• Emergency Repairs: Budget for unexpected repairs, which can cost several hundred to a few thousand dollars.

Legitimising your setup

• Understand the difference between "living" and "camping": Many jurisdictions allow property owners to live in a camper trailer temporarily while constructing a permanent house. However, there is usually a time limit, often six months, after which the camper may no longer be considered a full-time residence, and you would be considered "camping" on your property.
• Research property zoning regulations: Zoning laws and homeowners' association agreements can stipulate against living in anything other than a long-term, permanent structure. Check with your county or city zoning laws and any applicable homeowners' association rules to ensure that a travel trailer or RV is recognised as a permanent residence.
• Comply with county laws: Even if you find land with no zoning restrictions, you must still adhere to county regulations regarding water, septic, and electrical installations. Ensure you understand these requirements before setting up your camper trailer as a permanent residence.
• Register as an Accessory Dwelling Unit (ADU): Some regions have less stringent restrictions and may allow RVs to be considered an ADU on a property with a primary permanent residence. Check with your local regulations to see if this is an option.
• Find land that permits full-time RV living: If zoning regulations in your desired area do not allow full-time RV living, consider purchasing land in a rural area without county zoning laws or homeowners' associations. This will provide more flexibility for setting up your camper trailer as a permanent residence.
• Arrange utilities: Ensure you have access to necessary utilities, such as running water, electricity, sewage, and internet. You may need to connect to the city's sewage system or set up a septic tank.
• Establish a permanent address: Contact your county or city office and provide documentation proving that you own the land. Apply for a new address and fill out the necessary paperwork to legitimise your residence.

Frequently asked questions