Uk Bus Lengths: Standardizing Public Transport Safety

Double-decker buses are a common sight in the UK, particularly in London where they have become a national symbol. These buses can carry up to 100 seated passengers and are usually about 4.5 metres (15 feet) tall, 2.44 metres (8 feet) wide, and 12.2 metres (40 feet) long. The majority of double-decker buses in the UK are between 9.5 metres (31 ft 2 in) and 11.1 metres (36 ft 5 in) long, with some newer models measuring about 13.75 metres (45 ft 1 in). The maximum permissible length of a double-decker bus in the UK is 15 metres (49 ft 3 in) with 3 axles and 13.5 metres (44 ft 3 in) with 2 axles.

Dimensions of a double-decker bus

The dimensions of a double-decker bus in the UK vary depending on the type and model. The majority of double-decker buses in the UK are between 9.5 metres (31 ft 2 in) and 11.1 metres (36 ft 5 in) long, with 11.1 metres being the more common length since the mid-1990s. There are also three-axle models that are 12 metres (39 ft 4 in) long, and some newer coaches that are about 13.75 metres (45 ft 1 in).

The maximum permissible length for a rigid double-decker bus or coach in the UK is 15 metres (49 ft 3 in) with three axles and 13.5 metres (44 ft 3 in) with two axles. The total maximum dimensions, including any trailer or articulated section, are typically:

• 18.75 metres (61 ft 6 in) in length
• 2.55 metres (8 ft 4 in) in width
• 4.95 metres (16 ft 3 in) in height
• 12,000 kilograms (26,455 lb) in weight

Coaches are usually built to a height of 4.38 metres (14 ft 4 in), while 'highbridge' buses are about 20 centimetres (8 in) taller. Articulated double-decker buses are allowed a maximum length of 18.65 metres (61 ft 2 in).

History of the double-decker bus

The double-decker bus is an iconic mode of transportation that has stood the test of time, evoking a sense of nostalgia and wonder. The history of the double-decker bus dates back to the early 19th century and has evolved from horse-drawn carriages to the modern, engine-powered buses we know today.

The first double-decker bus made its debut in 1828 on the streets of Paris, France. Created by Stanislas Baudry, it was a two-level horse-drawn carriage. This design was later brought to London by George Shillibeer, who introduced the 'omnibus' at a cost of 1 shilling to ride, with a capacity of 22 passengers.

In the 1900s, double-decker buses began to be motorised, with the first engine-powered version appearing in London in the 1920s. The growing population in London created a demand for more buses, leading to competition among companies. By the mid-1920s, about 20 different companies had buses driving all over the city.

One of the largest businesses, The London General Omnibus Company (LGOC), sought to stand out by painting their buses bright red, a colour that has become synonymous with London and the double-decker bus. The LGOC, along with other companies, merged in the 1930s to form the London Passenger Transport Board.

The most familiar model of the double-decker bus, the 'Routemaster', was constructed in 1956. This version initially had an open rear door entrance, which was later removed due to safety concerns as people could jump on and off while the bus was moving.

The double-decker bus remained popular due to its higher passenger capacity compared to single-level buses, and its ability to navigate London's narrow streets. The open tops also provided a unique viewing experience for passengers.

Today, double-decker buses continue to be a symbol of practicality and charm, with modern adaptations such as electric and hybrid versions being introduced for more sustainable urban transit.

Manufacturers of double-decker buses

Double-decker buses are used for commuter transport, sightseeing, and long-distance travel. They are most commonly used in cities in the UK, Ireland, Hong Kong, Berlin, and Singapore.

• Wrightbus is a Northern Irish company that manufactures the world's first hydrogen-powered double-decker bus. They have supplied buses to Translink, First Bus, Arriva London, and other transport operators.
• Van Hool manufactures the TDX double-decker motor coach, which is ADA-compliant and has dual doors for efficient loading and unloading of passengers. It has a capacity of 81 passengers and offers an impressive passenger MPG.
• AEC (Associated Equipment Company) is a subsidiary of the LGOC and has manufactured many of London's local service buses.
• AEC Routemaster is a well-known manufacturer of double-decker buses, with their buses being a staple in London for nearly half a century.
• BYD is a Chinese firm that manufactured London's first all-electric double-decker buses, which were added to the fleet in 2015.
• Volgren is an Australian company that builds double-decker bus bodies on Volvo B10M chassis.

Uses of double-decker buses

Double-decker buses are used for a variety of purposes around the world. They are primarily used for commuter transport, but also have other uses. Here are some of the uses of double-decker buses:

Mass Transport

Double-decker buses are commonly used for mass transportation in cities, especially in Britain, Ireland, Hong Kong, Berlin, and Singapore. They are also used in other cities around the world, such as in former British colonies. The additional deck provides more seating capacity, making them efficient for transporting large numbers of people.

Long-Distance Travel

Double-decker coaches are used for long-distance travel, providing comfortable and spacious journeys for passengers. These coaches often include amenities such as Wi-Fi, footrests, and reclining seats.

Tourist Sightseeing

Open-top double-decker buses are popular for tourist sightseeing. They offer panoramic views of the city and are often used for hop-on, hop-off tours, allowing passengers to explore a city at their own pace.

Private Operations

Double-decker buses are also used by private companies for various purposes, such as long-distance coach services, intercity transport, and charter or tourist services.

The uses of double-decker buses vary depending on the region and specific needs, but they remain an iconic form of transportation, especially in cities with a historical connection to them.

Comparison with single-decker buses

The standard single-decker bus is a two-axled rigid bus with a single deck for passengers. They typically weigh between 11 and 14 tons and have a length of up to 12 metres (39 feet 4 inches), although some longer exceptions exist. In contrast, double-decker buses, which are most common in the UK, have two passenger decks and a staircase. They are shorter in length than single-decker buses, typically measuring between 9.5 metres (31 feet 2 inches) and 11.1 metres (36 feet 5 inches).

The shorter length of double-decker buses makes them more manoeuvrable and suitable for navigating narrow streets and tight corners. This advantage is particularly beneficial in urban areas with confined spaces. Additionally, double-decker buses offer a larger seating capacity, making them economical for high-ridership transit routes.

Single-decker buses, on the other hand, have a single level, providing easier access for passengers with disabilities. They also have varying internal combustion engine positions and can feature one or more doors.

In regions where double-deckers are not prevalent, such as areas outside major urban centres, single-deckers are the standard mode of public transport bus travel. They are increasingly designed with low floor features, enhancing accessibility.

Both single and double-decker buses have their advantages depending on the specific context and requirements. Single-decker buses offer better accessibility, while double-decker buses provide greater seating capacity and manoeuvrability, making them well-suited for urban environments.

Frequently asked questions