Btu Requirements For Camper Air Conditioning

When it comes to choosing an air conditioner for your camper, there are a few things to consider. The size of your air conditioner will depend on the size of your camper, the weather conditions you'll be camping in, the number of people you're camping with, and the overall energy needs of your camper.

The measuring unit for air conditioning is BTU (British Thermal Units), and the more BTUs, the greater the power of the AC. Camper air conditioners usually fall between 11,000 to 15,000 BTUs. A good rule of thumb is that you need roughly 70 BTUs per square foot inside your camper. So, for example, if you have a 30ft x 8ft x 6ft camper, you would need an air conditioner with 1,440 BTUs.

You also need to consider the amperage of your camper, which will typically be either 30 or 50 amps. This will affect how much energy you can use to run your air conditioner. A 10,000 BTU unit can draw between 600-750 watts per hour, while a 15,000 BTU unit can draw between 1200-1700 watts per hour.

RV AC wattage and power sources

The power requirements of your RV air conditioner will depend on several factors, including the size of your RV, the outdoor temperature, the number of people occupying the space, and the cooling capacity of the AC unit, which is measured in British Thermal Units (BTUs).

RV AC Wattage

RV air conditioners typically come in 13,500 or 15,000 BTU ratings. These units usually operate at 1,300 to 1,500 watts but can peak at 1,800 to 2,000 watts during normal operation. During the initial startup phase, the power requirements may surge to 6,500–8,000 watts.

Larger RVs with two air conditioners, such as 5th wheels, travel trailers, and motorhomes, have a combined cooling capacity of 27,000 to 30,000 BTUs. When both units are running simultaneously, their power draw can go up to 3,500 to 4,000 watts, and briefly spike to 8,000 to 10,000 watts when one AC starts while the other is already running.

Power Sources for RV AC

The power source for your RV air conditioner will depend on the electrical service your RV is designed for, which is typically either 30-amp or 50-amp power.

30-Amp Power

If your RV requires 30-amp service, it will be sufficient to run a single air conditioner. However, for multiple air conditioners, you will likely need 50-amp service. You may be able to use a 30-amp adapter to run a single air conditioning unit on 50-amp power, but not multiple units.

50-Amp Power

With 50-amp service, you can typically run two air conditioners in your RV. This is suitable for larger RVs, such as 5th wheels and motorhomes, which often have two AC units.

15-Amp Power

Theoretically, 15-amp power is enough to power an average air conditioner, but it depends on the specific model. Even if your AC draws less than 15 amps, running additional electrical appliances simultaneously may overload the circuit.

Solar Power

Solar generators can also be used to power RV air conditioners when off-grid. Jackery solar generators, for example, offer high capacities ranging from 1,000-watt hours to 2,000-watt hours and above, making them suitable for powering RV ACs of different sizes.

RV AC maintenance

Maintaining your RV air conditioner is essential to keep it working efficiently and effectively. Here are some detailed instructions for RV AC maintenance:

Regularly Inspect and Clean the Air Filter

RVs are often exposed to dusty and dirty environments, so it's important to keep the air filter clean. Depending on usage, it's recommended to clean or replace the air filter every 3 to 4 months. You can clean the filter by rinsing it with water and letting it dry completely, or by vacuuming out loose debris before rinsing and drying.

Keep the Shroud in Good Condition

The shroud is the cover that protects the AC components on your RV roof. Before and after each trip, inspect the shroud for any cracks or damage. Cracks can allow dust, moisture, and debris to enter and damage sensitive AC components. If the shroud is damaged, have it repaired or replaced as soon as possible.

Clean the Coils

At least once a year, remove the shroud and clean the coils. You can use compressed air to blow out dirt and debris, or wash the coils with water. This helps prevent the build-up of dirt and grime, which can reduce the efficiency of your AC.

Replace Gaskets and Filters

Over time, gaskets and filters can become worn out or damaged. It's important to replace them when necessary to maintain the proper functioning of your AC. Gaskets create a seal to prevent air leakage, while filters help keep the air in your RV clean.

Perform Amp-Draw Tests

To ensure your AC is functioning optimally, perform amp-draw tests. This will help you identify any potential issues with the electrical system and ensure your AC is drawing the correct amount of power.

Park in the Shade and Keep Windows Closed

When possible, park your RV in a shaded area to reduce the amount of direct sunlight entering the vehicle. This will help keep the interior cooler and reduce the workload on your AC. Additionally, keep windows and doors closed to trap cool air inside and prevent warm air from entering.

By following these maintenance steps, you can help ensure your RV air conditioner remains in good working condition and provides you with cool and comfortable air during your travels.

RV AC installation

RV air conditioners are essential for keeping the temperature inside your RV safe for pets and humans, especially in hot and humid climates. The size of the air conditioner you need depends on the size of your RV, the weather conditions you camp in, and the number of people you camp with.

If you're installing an RV air conditioner, there are a few things to keep in mind. First, determine the overall amperage of your RV, which will be either 30 or 50 amps. This will affect how much energy you can utilise and whether you can handle two AC units.

Next, consider the insulation in your RV and the climate you'll be camping in. If you don't camp in hot climates or during the summer, you may not need as powerful an air conditioner.

Finally, take into account the number of people you camp with. If you're camping alone in a compact trailer, a single, low BTU air conditioner will suffice. However, if you're camping with a large group, you may need more air conditioning power.

Now, let's discuss the installation process. You can purchase RV air conditioners in either 13,500 or 15,000 BTU increments. Most RV manufacturers give you the option to combine multiple air conditioners, usually positioned at each end of the RV.

For the installation, you'll need to cut a "standard" 14" x 14" square hole in your RV's roof. Build a wooden frame and support system inside the RV to bear the weight of the air conditioner, which can be around 90 pounds. Run the appropriate gauge wire from your load centre to the AC unit location.

Prepare the ceiling panel by cutting the necessary holes for the AC unit and any lights. Install wiring for the lights and insulation, then screw the panel into place.

Cut the hole in the roof, catching any metal shavings to prevent rusting. File the edges and coat the bare metal with primer. Getting the AC unit onto the roof may require two people due to its weight. Line up the hole in the roof with the opening in the rooftop unit, which should have a heavy-duty foam seal.

Secure the rooftop unit to the van by tightening the supplied bolts. Connect the electrical wires inside a junction box and cut the flexible fabric duct material to the correct length, coupling it to the ceiling assembly. Finally, secure the ceiling assembly with the controls and vents to the metal frame.

RV air conditioners use a lot of electricity, so consider your power sources and requirements. You may need a generator or shore power to run them consistently.

Overall, installing an RV air conditioner can be a straightforward process, but it requires careful planning and execution to ensure a safe and functional system.

RV AC alternatives

While rooftop air conditioners are the most common type of AC for RVs, there are several alternatives you can consider, especially if you have a vintage rig or prefer a quieter option. Here are some options to explore:

Portable Indoor AC Units

If you're looking for a floor model that doesn't require any complex setup, consider a ventless portable indoor AC unit. These can be surprisingly powerful and often come with additional features like dehumidifiers. They are usually relatively affordable, but they will take up valuable floor space in your RV. An example of this type of unit is the Honeywell MN12CES.

Window AC Units

Traditional window AC units are another alternative, but they have some drawbacks. They not only take up space and may look unattractive from the exterior, but they also release fumes that can be dangerous if not properly ventilated. Proceed with caution if you choose this option.

Under Bench AC Units

Dometic offers an under-bench AC unit that is specifically designed for RV installation. This unit provides 10,000 BTUs for their 3000-watt model, which is a significant amount of cooling capacity. It doesn't add to the height of your trailer, and you won't have to worry about roof sagging or water leaks. However, it may be more expensive than a window unit.

Mini Split Units

For small trailers, a mini split unit can be an excellent option. These units are whisper-quiet, provide plenty of BTUs, and don't require any roof support. They are a more permanent solution and are worth considering if you're looking for a quiet and efficient AC system.

Marine Air Self-Contained Air Conditioning Systems

If you're willing to pay a premium, you can explore marine air self-contained air conditioning systems. These are designed for marine use and can be a good option for certain RV setups. However, they require a dedicated battery bank.

When choosing an RV AC alternative, it's important to consider factors such as space, cooling capacity, noise levels, and installation requirements. Additionally, keep in mind that the number of people you camp with, the climate you're travelling in, and the overall energy needs of your RV will impact your decision.

RV AC efficiency

RV air conditioners are the largest power consumers in modern RVs. When running, they can draw between 700 watts (for a 10,000 BTU unit) and 1,500 watts (for a 15,000 BTU unit). At startup, they can draw more than double that amount of power.

The size of the air conditioner you need depends on the size of your RV, the weather conditions you camp in, and the number of people you camp with. The overall energy needs of your RV and the amperage you have will also affect air conditioner usage.

The average RV air conditioner draws between 11 and 16 amps, but there are units (smaller and larger) that fall outside that range. Energy efficiency also comes into play. You can have two AC units of the same size, but the more efficient model will usually draw fewer running amps.

• Clean your air filter regularly. Cleaning your intake air filter regularly will ensure airflow is not blocked by dust and grime.
• Install a soft-start device in your air conditioner. Air conditioners draw a huge amount of energy at startup. A soft-start device can easily be installed to eliminate that initial surge.
• Insulate your windows. The windows in your RV let in a lot of heat, especially when the sun is shining on them. Attaching Reflectix Insulation with a little Velcro inside your windows will help keep the heat out.
• Position your RV away from the sun. If possible, position your RV so the hot sun passes overhead and not directly into your side windows. Extend your awning as needed to shade your windows.
• Install a mini-split air conditioner. Mini-split air conditioners are nearly silent and three times as efficient as any rooftop RV unit. They separate the air conditioner into two components: the condenser unit, which is mounted outside, and the evaporator component, which is mounted inside the space to be cooled.
• Install an RV Airflow System. The RV Airflow System optimises the airflow of your RV A/C system, increasing airflow by an average of 40%, improving performance, speeding cooling times and reducing noise.

Frequently asked questions