Camper Turnover: Costly Endeavor Or Affordable Adventure?

Converting a van into a camper is no easy feat. It requires time, money, and a lot of hard work. The cost of converting a van into a camper can vary depending on the size of the van, the complexity of the conversion, and the materials used. The simplest vans can be converted in a few weeks, while more complex models may take up to 2-3 years. The cost of a van conversion can range from £500 to £25,000 for a self-built van, and up to £40,000 for a professional fit-out.

There are several steps involved in converting a van into a camper, including selecting the van, planning the build, installing heating and ventilation systems, electrical wiring and plumbing, insulation, flooring and ceiling, and furnishing. Each of these steps can take varying amounts of time, depending on the expertise and availability of the person performing the conversion.

Converting a van into a camper can be a rewarding experience, providing a sense of freedom and the ability to travel and live off-grid. However, it is important to carefully plan and budget for the conversion, as it can be a costly and time-consuming process.

Budgeting for the conversion

The cost of converting a van into a campervan varies depending on factors such as the size of the van, the level of luxury desired, whether it is a DIY or professional conversion, and the cost of labour.

DIY vs Professional Conversion

If you are thinking of converting your van yourself, you can save a lot of money. However, it is important to consider whether you have the time, expertise, space and tools to do so. A DIY conversion will also require a considerable amount of planning and specialised knowledge. On the other hand, going down the professional route ensures that you are paying for experience, quality and a warranty. While the upfront cost of a professional conversion may be higher, you will save time and potentially avoid costly mistakes.

Cost Breakdown

The cost of a van conversion can be broken down into several elements, including:

• Electrical system
• Shower/Water system
• Kitchen
• Gas and heating system
• Windows, vents and other exterior items
• Cladding and flooring
• Decorating and furnishing
• Labour

Van Size

The size of the van will also impact the overall cost of the conversion. Larger vans will require more materials and labour, and therefore be more expensive.

Budgeting Tips

To keep costs down, consider the following:

• Buy second-hand appliances and materials from sites such as Gumtree, eBay or Craigslist.
• Do everything yourself to save on labour costs.
• Use reclaimed materials or buy from a local timber merchant rather than a large hardware chain.
• Set up alerts for specific appliances you know you will need so that you can snap them up when they become available.
• Opt for cheaper alternatives to expensive items, such as a cool box instead of a fridge or a camp stove instead of a propane stove.
• Only include a toilet and shower if they are essential – these can be expensive to install.

Sample Budgets

To give you an idea of the potential costs involved, here are some example budgets for van conversions:

• Budget Van Conversion: $500 - $5,000. This would include basic essentials such as insulation, a simple electrical system, a bed and a water storage container.
• Mid-Range Conversion: $5,000 - $10,000. This would include more comforts such as a kitchenette, better insulation, and space for a small toilet.
• Luxury Conversion: $10,000 - $30,000+. This would include high-end appliances, custom cabinets, solar panels and advanced electrical systems.

Example Conversion Costs

The following are some real-life examples of van conversion costs, to give you an idea of how much people typically spend:

• TwoWanderingSoles: $900
• DivineOnTheRoad: $3,980
• KellyNicoleTravel: $7,906
• SaraAndAlexJames: $25,564

Choosing the right van

• Budget: Your budget will determine the type of van you can afford and the extent of the conversion. A higher budget opens doors to newer models with advanced features, while a tighter budget will direct you towards older models with potential for creative DIY conversions. Allocate funds not just for the purchase but also for the conversion process, maintenance, and unexpected expenses.
• Mileage: Lower mileage, under 50,000 miles, often means a higher upfront cost but can lead to fewer mechanical issues. Higher mileage vans, over 100,000 miles, are cheaper but may require more frequent repairs and maintenance. Vans like the Mercedes Sprinter and Ford Transit are known for their durability and can handle higher mileage better than others.
• Reliability and Maintenance: Consider the reliability and maintenance costs of different van models. For example, Mercedes Sprinters are highly regarded for their comfort features but can be pricey to maintain. Ford Transits, on the other hand, are also reliable and have more affordable maintenance costs.
• Size and Space: Think about how you plan to use the van, the number of people travelling with you, and the amount of gear you'll need to accommodate. If you require more space, consider larger vans like the Mercedes Sprinter or Ford Transit, which offer various roof heights and lengths. For a more compact option, consider smaller vans like the Ford Transit Connect, Nissan NV200, or Ram Promaster City, which are ideal for solo travellers or couples.
• Fuel Efficiency: Fuel efficiency is an important factor, especially for those planning extensive travel. Smaller vans like the Ford Transit Connect and Ram Promaster City offer excellent fuel mileage, while larger vans like the Mercedes Sprinter have improved fuel economy due to efficient turbo diesel engines. Weigh the importance of fuel efficiency against your space and travel needs.
• Resale Value: Consider the resale value, especially if you plan to sell or upgrade in the future. A well-maintained van and a high-quality conversion can enhance resale value. Vans like the Mercedes Sprinter and Ford Transit often hold their value well, especially with professional conversions.
• DIY vs Professional Conversion: Decide whether to undertake the conversion yourself or hire professionals. A DIY conversion is more budget-friendly and allows for personalized customization, but it requires time, skill, effort, tools, and space. Professional conversions offer expertise, efficiency, and often higher-quality results but are more expensive.
• Nissan NV200: Compact van offering excellent foundation for individual camper conversions. Versatile with various size options, affordable, and easy to drive and navigate. Limited space in the NV200 model and basic interior may require extensive work for a comfortable living space.
• Ford Transit Connect: Compact and versatile van ideal for solo travellers or couples. Excellent fuel economy, highly customizable, and easy to drive and park. Limited space and lower performance under load are considerations.
• Ram Promaster City: Compact van that maximizes interior space within a small footprint. Efficient fuel economy, lower maintenance costs, and urban maneuverability. Limited interior height and towing capacity may be constraints for some.
• Mercedes Sprinter: Large van renowned for its quality, durability, and spacious interior. Available in multiple configurations, including high-roof models, making it ideal for full-time van life. Robust performance and reliable, with good resale value. Higher purchase and maintenance costs, and larger size can make parking and maneuvering in tight spaces more challenging.
• Ford Transit: Versatile and reliable van with various size and configuration options. Straightforward design, widespread availability, and comfort for driving and living. Good fuel efficiency for its size, but fuel costs will be higher compared to smaller vans. Longer rear end requires caution when maneuvering in tight spaces.
• Ram Promaster: Full-size van favored for camper conversions due to its spacious interior and front-wheel-drive configuration. Ample interior space, good value for size, and versatility in conversion. Reliability concerns with older models, and driving dynamics may be different due to front-wheel-drive configuration.
• Chevy Express: Durable and straightforward full-size van that has been a staple in the American market. Powerful engine options, long-term reliability, and ample space for conversions. Less fuel-efficient compared to newer or smaller van models, and aged design lacks some modern features.
• Volkswagen Transporter: Iconic van associated with the hippie movement of the 1960s. Excellent fuel economy, highly customizable, and easy to drive and park. Limited space and performance under load are considerations.
• Fiat Ducato: Widely used base vehicle for camper conversions, particularly for low-profile and A-class vehicles. Square shape makes it easier to work inside and drill holes for water tanks. Improved driving experience with the launch of a 9-speed fully automatic gearbox in 2019.
• Peugeot Boxer: Popular base vehicle for UK van converters, used by brands like Auto-Sleeper and Elddis. Automatic gearbox is not commonly offered, and it may be more expensive to opt for a souped-up Fiat engine.
• Citroën Relay: Less popular option in the UK, but frequently used by European motorhome manufacturers to keep costs down. WildAx and Hobby are British converters that have included Citroën-based models in their line-up.
• Ford Transit Custom: Smaller version of the Ford Transit, giving the VW Transporter a run for its money. Slightly more boxy style means more room for lockers near the ceiling. Car-like setting in the cab, but spongy gearing and higher profile may take some getting used to. Electric versions and a fully electric option are in development.

Planning the layout

• Start by drawing a diagram of your van and thinking about where you want to place essential amenities. Consider the location of your power system, wiring, water tanks, beds, storage, seating, and any other features you deem necessary. Optimising the small space in a van can be challenging, so be prepared to make multiple drafts until you find a layout that works for you.
• Think about the type of heating and cooling systems you want to install. If you plan to travel in different weather conditions, a fan and heating system are essential. A van fan can be attached to the roof, providing cooling during hot summer months. For heating, a diesel heater is a common choice as it is affordable, efficient, and easily accessible.
• Plan your electrical wiring and plumbing carefully. If you want to enjoy full functionality, consider installing a 12v power inverter, electric pump sink, lighting system, and outlets. However, if you want to save time and money, you can opt for strip lights, fairy lights, manual pump sinks, or gravity-powered sinks.
• Insulation is crucial to maintaining a comfortable temperature in your van. Cover cracks and crevices to prevent hot or cold air from infiltrating the vehicle. Use wooden planks, plywood, or similar materials to conceal the insulation.
• Decide on the type of flooring and ceiling you want to install. Plywood, wooden planks, or laminate flooring are popular choices. If you want to extend your wall material to the ceiling, factor in the additional cost.
• Choose your lighting fixtures and switches. Recessed ceiling lights, reading lamps with USB ports, LED light strips, fairy lights, and outdoor string lights are all options to consider.
• Plan the furniture and built-in fixtures you want to include. This includes beds, seating, tables, cabinets, and kitchen fixtures. Consider whether you want to repurpose existing furniture or build custom pieces.
• If you plan to include a kitchen, decide on the type of appliances and fixtures you want. A simple camp stove may suffice, or you may prefer a more sophisticated induction cooktop or range. For food storage, a 12V portable refrigerator is a popular choice, but a cooler or dorm fridge can also work.
• Don't forget to budget for any additional accessories or upgrades you may want, such as backup cameras, rearview cameras, running boards, steps, security features, and more.

Installing the electrical system

The electrical system is one of the most daunting parts of your camper van build. It is also one of the most essential. Without power, you won't be able to do much.

The basis of every camper van electrical system is going to be very similar: batteries, how you charge them, and how you discharge them. It is really important to grasp these basics before you dig into the nitty-gritty of wire gauge, amps, volts, and watts.

Camper van batteries can be charged in 3 different ways:

• DC-DC Charging while you drive
• Using solar power
• Using shore power

Camper van batteries can be discharged in 2 ways:

• AC power usage (outlets)
• DC power usage

Components of your van's electrical system:

• Inverters and Inverter Chargers
• MPPT Solar Charge Controller
• Lynx Distributors and Bus Bars
• AC Distribution Panel
• Master On/Off Switch
• Battery Monitor or Smart Shunt
• DC Fuse Panel

Step-by-step guide on how to install your camper van's electrical system:

• Arrange and mount all electrical components in a tidy and logical position. Be sure to account for the ability to run wires to them.
• Wire your batteries together.
• Deliver power to your bus bars, switch, shunt, on/off switch, and main battery fuse.
• Wire all of your bus bar connections first. This includes your MPPT Solar Controller, DC to DC Charger, and Inverter/Charger.
• Finally, wire up your point of use. This includes all DC appliances and AC outlets. Be sure to protect any wires running near sharp edges with conduit or sheath.

Insulation and interior design

Insulation is key to keeping your camper cool in the summer and warm in the winter. It is also important to insulate your camper to prevent condensation, which can lead to mould and mildew.

There are three main types of heat transfer: radiation, conduction, and convection. Insulation materials are designed to prevent heat transfer, and different materials are better at preventing certain types of heat transfer than others.

Radiant heat transfer occurs when a warmer object emits heat, which travels to a cooler object through electromagnetic waves, without needing a medium such as air. An example of radiant heat transfer in a camper is the sun warming your vehicle through the windows. The best way to insulate against radiant heat transfer is to install window shades or covers.

Conduction is the transfer of heat between two solid bodies in direct contact. A good example of conduction heat transfer is leaving a teaspoon in a hot cup of tea. The end of the spoon eventually gets hot due to conduction. When the sun shines down and heats the external body of your camper, the heat will eventually make its way inside through the body and the walls of the vehicle through heat conduction. The best way to insulate against this type of heat transfer is to include a type of thermal break in your insulation strategy, such as Lizard Skin or closed-cell foam.

Convection is the movement of heat through gas or liquid. An example of convection in a camper is the movement of hot air or cold air throughout the interior of the vehicle. The best way to insulate against this is to minimise "air gaps" in your mass insulation and to insulate all of your beams and walls.

When insulating your camper, you will want a mass insulation material, a thermal break layer, and radiant heat barriers.

Mass insulation is for cavities, walls, ceilings, and similar areas. It is used to fight against convection and conduction heat transfer. Common options include 3M Thinsulate and Havelock Wool.

A thermal break layer is used to fight against conduction heat transfer, especially on hot days. It is placed on the back of all wall panels and anywhere the chassis touches an extruded aluminium module. Common options include Lizard Skin Ceramic Insulation or closed-cell foam.

Radiant heat loss barriers are simply window shades or covers to prevent radiant heat gain in your windows.

When choosing insulation materials, you should consider the following:

• High R-value per inch. The higher the R-value, the greater the insulation properties.
• Value for money. It is not necessary to spend a lot of money on the latest space-age technology. However, be careful if you go for a super-budget option as some cheaper materials may not be up to scratch.
• The material should be able to withstand vehicle motion and vibration.
• Resistance to moisture, mould, and mildew. The material should be either impervious to moisture or have moisture control properties and be naturally mould-resistant (like sheep wool).
• Non-toxic. As you will be living and breathing in a relatively small space, you don’t want harmful gases or microscopic particles from your insulation floating around.

Reflective Bubble Foil

Good at radiating heat, not so good at insulation. Reflective bubble insulation has two reflective aluminium foil surfaces that act as a radiant heat barrier. Although this type of insulation is used in many camper conversions, it is often installed directly onto the van's surface, which is not correct. Reflective bubble insulation requires the correct amount of space to radiate heat effectively. There are much more effective and less expensive insulation materials available that have a much lower K-value. However, it is good for window coverings and large cavities as it acts as a great radiant barrier.

Polyisocyanurate (PIR) Board

PIR boards are created by blending a selection of materials together to create a rigid, single-core of Polyisocyanurate, which is then sandwiched between two high-performance aluminium foil facings. This provides a radiant heat barrier if installed correctly with the recommended air gap. The manufacturing process creates a sturdy, durable, and lightweight insulation board. Most PIR boards also have a vapour barrier on either side to prevent the build-up of damp. PIR boards are non-toxic, environmentally friendly, and easy to install.

XPS Foam

Frequently asked questions