Building A Camper: Adding A Bathroom

Building a camper with a bathroom is a challenging but rewarding project. It requires careful planning, creativity, and a range of skills to create a functional and comfortable space. The process involves several key steps, from designing the layout to constructing the frame, installing essentials like plumbing and electrical systems, and adding personal touches to make it your own.

One of the critical decisions is whether to include a bathroom, as it takes up valuable living space. However, the convenience of having an onboard bathroom, especially for full-time van dwellers, can be a game-changer. It offers self-sufficiency and freedom, eliminating the need to rely on campsites or public facilities.

When designing the bathroom, it's essential to prioritise function and practicality. Aim for a roomy layout that allows for comfortable showering without having to remove the toilet. Consider installing a solid door for privacy and aesthetics, and don't forget to include proper ventilation, such as a small extractor fan.

For the shower, a wet room design is a popular choice as it saves space and avoids the issues of pre-formed shower trays, which can be bulky and prone to cracking. When it comes to the toilet, composting toilets are the way to go. They are practical, environmentally friendly, and allow for easy waste disposal in regular bins.

Building a DIY camper trailer gives you the freedom to customise every aspect, from the layout to the materials used, all while saving costs compared to buying a pre-made model. It's a rewarding experience that blends creativity, adventure, and the joy of crafting something uniquely yours.

Planning the layout and plumbing

Planning the Layout:

• Consider the amount of space you can allocate for the bathroom. Keep in mind that you are sacrificing living space for the bathroom, so make sure it is functional and uncomplicated to use. Aim for a layout that allows you to shower without having to modify or remove any fixtures, such as the toilet.
• Decide on the placement of the bathroom within your camper. You can choose to have a dedicated partition or place it in a central location to separate the sleeping and living areas. Keeping your plumbing system on one side, if possible, can make it easier to run the water pipes.
• Determine whether you want a solid door, a screen, or a curtain for your bathroom. A solid door provides more privacy and can be used for additional purposes, such as installing a full-length mirror or hooks for storage. However, it is heavier and requires consideration of weight distribution.
• If you opt for a solid door, consider installing a small extractor fan in the bathroom to maintain proper ventilation.
• Think about the type of shower you want. A wet room provides more flexibility in terms of size and avoids the need for a bulky shower tray, which can be expensive and prone to cracking.
• Maximise space by using foldable or multi-functional furniture, such as a bed that can convert into a seating area during the day.

Plumbing Considerations:

• When it comes to plumbing, you have the option of installing a complex system or keeping it simple. Portable water tanks and pumps can be a more straightforward solution.
• Ensure proper ventilation in the bathroom by installing roof vents or windows.
• Choose eco-friendly and lightweight materials for your walls and roof. Plywood is a popular choice due to its durability and ease of use. Cover the exterior with weather-resistant materials, such as aluminium sheets or fibreglass.
• Consider the type of toilet you want. Composting toilets are a practical and environmentally friendly option as they can be disposed of in regular bins, eliminating the need to find specific toilet emptying locations during your travels.
• For your shower, opt for a slim, wall-mounted rail kit with a bracket to mount the showerhead. This provides flexibility when showering in a small space.
• Choose water-saving shower specifications to conserve your limited water supply.
• Keep your colour palette narrow and simple, creating a streamlined and sleek design.

Remember to plan the construction or installation of your bathroom carefully, considering factors such as weight distribution, plumbing, and ventilation. By following these instructions and tips, you can create a functional and comfortable bathroom for your camper.

Choosing a composting toilet

When it comes to building a camper with a bathroom, one of the most important decisions you'll make is choosing the right toilet system. A composting toilet is a popular choice for campers and RVs due to its eco-friendly nature and ease of use. Here are some factors to consider when selecting a composting toilet for your camper:

Type of Composting Toilet

There are two main types of composting toilets: self-contained and portable. Self-contained composting toilets, such as the Nature's Head and Air Head models, are stationary and typically have larger waste containers. They are often more expensive but offer more features, such as ventilation systems and separate containers for liquids and solids. Portable composting toilets, like the Cuddy and Trelino models, are designed to be moved around and may be more suitable for small spaces. They are generally more affordable but may require more frequent emptying.

Size and Dimensions

Consider the size and layout of your camper when choosing a composting toilet. Measure the available space and select a toilet that fits comfortably without requiring significant modifications to your design. Some toilets have compact dimensions and can be mounted flush against a wall, while others may need a dedicated cubby or bench. Think about the shape of the toilet as well—a curved design may be more suitable for a smaller space.

Ease of Use and Maintenance

Look for a composting toilet that is easy to use and maintain. Features like separate containers for liquids and solids, odour control systems, and easy-to-empty waste compartments can make your life on the road much more convenient. Consider the frequency of emptying—some toilets can last up to ten days before requiring solids to be emptied, while others may need attention more frequently. Additionally, think about the process of emptying the waste and choose a toilet that aligns with your comfort level and preferred disposal methods.

Ventilation and Odour Control

Proper ventilation is crucial for maintaining a pleasant environment in your camper. Look for composting toilets with built-in fans or ventilation systems that help control odours. Some toilets have internal fans that recirculate air, while others may require external venting through a hose. Nature's Head, for example, offers mushroom vents, shell vents, and a PVC vent assembly kit as optional add-ons.

Price and Reviews

Composting toilets can vary significantly in price, so consider your budget when making your selection. More expensive options may offer additional features, but that doesn't always guarantee a better experience. Be sure to read reviews from other campers and van lifers to get a sense of the pros and cons of each model. Nature's Head and Air Head are popular choices, but newer options like Cuddy and Trelino are also gaining traction.

Legal Considerations

Before finalising your decision, remember to check local regulations and laws regarding the use of composting toilets. While they are legal in many areas, there may be specific requirements or restrictions that you need to comply with. Consult with relevant authorities or check local guidelines to ensure your chosen composting toilet complies with all necessary standards.

Installing a wet room

Planning the Wet Room Layout:

• Decide on the location of the wet room in your camper van. Consider factors such as plumbing, electrical systems, and available space.
• Determine the size and dimensions of the wet room, taking into account the space needed for the shower, toilet, and any other fixtures.
• Create a detailed plan and measurements for the wet room frame, including the height, width, and length.

Building the Wet Room Frame:

• Use wooden batons or lumber to build the frame for the wet room. Ensure that the frame is sturdy and can support the weight of the shower and other fixtures.
• Consider using a pocket hole jig to make joining the wood easier and create a stronger structure.
• Leave enough space for the plumbing and electrical connections.

Installing the Plumbing and Electrical:

• Plan the plumbing for the shower and toilet, including the location of the pipes, drain, and water tanks.
• Install the plumbing and electrical systems, ensuring they are securely connected and meet any relevant safety standards.
• Consider adding a trap to the shower drain to prevent smells from the waste tank but be aware that this could freeze in cold climates.

Waterproofing the Wet Room:

• Line the inside of the wet room frame with plywood or another suitable material. Ensure that the plywood is treated with a waterproofing agent or primer.
• Apply a waterproofing membrane or flexible silicone adhesive to the plywood to create a watertight barrier.
• Install the flooring using rubber wet room flooring or a similar waterproof material. Cut the flooring to fit the shape of the wet room and use a standard flooring adhesive to secure it in place.
• Finish the walls with PVC bathroom cladding or similar waterproof material. Cut the cladding to size and use flexible silicone adhesive to attach it to the walls and ceiling.
• Seal all gaps, seams, and corners with silicone to ensure a watertight finish.

Installing the Fixtures:

• Install a shower head and mixing valve, ensuring they are securely attached to the wall and connected to the plumbing.
• Mount a cassette toilet or composting toilet according to the manufacturer's instructions. Ensure it is securely attached to the floor and/or wall.
• Add any additional fixtures such as a soap dispenser, mirror, toilet paper holder, or shelves as desired.

Final Touches:

• Install a retractable or self-cleaning shower door to provide privacy and contain water within the wet room.
• Test all the fixtures and plumbing to ensure there are no leaks.
• Allow any adhesives or sealants to dry completely before using the wet room.

Waterproofing the bathroom

Materials and Planning:

Firstly, gather the necessary materials, including plywood, a waterproofing kit, silicone adhesive, a shower pan, and wall cladding. Plan out the dimensions and layout of your bathroom, ensuring it is well-ventilated and has proper drainage.

Framing and Plywood Lining:

Build a sturdy frame for your bathroom using wooden batons or lumber, ensuring it is elevated slightly from the van floor. Line the inside of the frame with plywood, cutting and curving it to fit the space. Treat the plywood with a waterproofing agent or primer.

Waterproofing:

Apply a waterproofing membrane or matting between the plywood lining and the final wall finish. Use a shower waterproofing kit, following the instructions carefully. Ensure all corners and seams are properly sealed.

Flooring and Walls:

Install rubber wet room flooring, cutting it to fit your space. Use a flexible silicone adhesive to attach the flooring and seal the edges. For the walls, consider using PVC bathroom cladding or FRP (Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic) sheets. These can be glued or attached with silicone adhesive. Ensure all gaps and seams are filled and sealed.

Final Touches:

Install a shower drain that connects to your grey water tank. Consider adding a trap to prevent odours but be mindful of potential freezing in cold climates. Seal around the drain to prevent leaks. Finish the space with tiles or other decorative touches, ensuring they are well-adhered and sealed.

Maintenance and Care:

Regular maintenance is crucial to keep your camper bathroom in good condition. Always allow the space to dry completely after use, and periodically check for any leaks or damage. Repair or replace any faulty components promptly.

Adding a shower

Planning and Design:

• Consider the location of your shower in the floor plan. Keep your plumbing system on one side if possible, and try to place the shower near the kitchen extractor fan to help with steam.
• Decide whether to include a door. A door provides more privacy but adds weight. If you opt for no door, consider placing the shower near an extractor fan to manage steam and odours.
• Measure and plan the dimensions of your shower carefully. Ensure it is roomy enough to shower without modifications like removing the toilet. The dimensions of a small shower are typically around 900mm by 550mm.
• Consider the placement of your shower fixtures, such as the showerhead and taps, to ensure they align with the plumbing.
• If possible, avoid using a pre-formed shower tray as they are expensive and prone to cracking. Instead, opt for a wet room design, which gives you more flexibility with size and shape.

Materials and Construction:

• Build the frame of your shower using wooden batons. Ensure the frame is sturdy and can support the weight of the shower fixtures and users.
• Line the inside of the shower with plywood, curving it to fit the shape of the van. Use a waterproofing kit to seal any gaps and joints.
• Install a shower drain that aligns with your plumbing system. Consider using a drain with a plug to prevent water from sloshing back up.
• Use rubber wet room flooring for the shower floor. Cut out the flooring to fit the shape of your shower and use flooring adhesive to secure it in place.
• For the shower walls, consider using PVC bathroom cladding, which comes in various colours and designs. Ensure you use a flexible silicone adhesive to stick the cladding and seal the corners to prevent leaks.
• Install a showerhead and taps. Look for water-saving options to conserve your limited water supply. Wall-mounted or handheld showerheads are good options to save space.

Additional Considerations:

• Ensure your lighting is IP-rated for bathroom use, and consider putting your bathroom lighting on a separate circuit so it can be turned on independently.
• Include storage options for shower essentials, such as a wall-mounted bottle holder for shampoo and shower gel.
• If possible, make sure your bathroom door is wide enough to remove the toilet for easier emptying and cleaning.

Frequently asked questions