Hard Piping A Camper Sewer: A Step-By-Step Guide

If you're planning to camp in a single location for an extended period, or in harsh weather conditions, it's worth considering hard piping your camper sewer. The standard sewer pipe for a recreational vehicle (RV) is typically a thin, flexible plastic hose reinforced with wire. While this is adequate for short-term use, it can break down quickly in harsh weather. By using PVC pipes, some simple tools, and flexible rubber connectors, you can create a more durable sewer line that will last longer. This process involves measuring the distance from the sewer inlet to the drain outlet of the RV, cutting the PVC pipe accordingly, removing burrs from the cut ends, attaching flexible connectors and adapters, and ensuring there are no leaks.

Using PVC pipes and rubber connectors to make a durable sewer line

The standard sewer line on a recreational vehicle leaves much to be desired. The sewer lines are often thin, flexible, and reinforced with wires, making them prone to breaking down quickly, especially in harsh weather. By using PVC pipes and rubber connectors, you can create a more durable and long-lasting sewer line for your RV. Here's a step-by-step guide:

Step 1: Gather the Materials

First, you'll need to gather the necessary materials and tools. For this project, you will require:

• PVC pipes (3-inch or 4-inch diameter, depending on your RV's specifications)
• Two flexible 3-inch rubber connectors
• A 45-degree adapter, RV drain outlet to 3-inch sewer hose
• A right-angle sewer-fitting adapter
• Primer and PVC pipe cement (if required)
• A hacksaw or pipe cutter
• Sandpaper or a utility knife
• A screwdriver

Step 2: Prepare the RV

Start by closing both the RV drain valves. Then, twist off the drain outlet termination cap. Measure the distance from the RV drain outlet to the sewer inlet. This measurement will determine the length of your PVC pipe.

Step 3: Cut and Prepare the PVC Pipe

Using the measurement obtained in Step 2, cut the PVC pipe to the required length using a hacksaw or pipe cutter. Ensure you subtract 2 inches from the measurement to account for the rubber hose and adapter. Clean and smoothen the cut ends of the pipe using sandpaper or a utility knife to remove any burrs.

Step 4: Assemble the Sewer Line

Slip one of the 3-inch flexible connectors onto the hose side of the 45-degree RV drain outlet adapter. Twist this adapter onto the RV drain outlet. Now, insert the cut length of PVC pipe into the other side of the flexible connector and tighten the clamps using a screwdriver.

Next, screw or insert the right-angle sewer-fitting adapter into the sewer inlet. Position the PVC pipe alongside the sewer fitting to check the length. If needed, trim the pipe to ensure a proper fit. Slip the other 3-inch flexible connector onto the open end of the PVC pipe. Then, connect the remaining side of the flexible connector to the right-angle sewer fitting adapter and tighten the clamps.

Step 5: Test the Sewer Line

Open the RV grey water drain valve and turn on the water at one of the faucets inside the RV. Carefully check the PVC drain pipe for any leaks, paying close attention to the flexible connectors. If necessary, tighten the clamps to ensure a secure seal.

Step 6: Final Thoughts

By following these steps, you can create a durable and reliable sewer line for your RV using PVC pipes and rubber connectors. This will provide peace of mind and save you from the hassle of frequent repairs or replacements. Remember to regularly clean and maintain your sewer line to ensure optimal performance.

How to drain black and grey water tanks

Draining your black and grey water tanks is a simple but important process. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to do it:

Step 1: Find the Right Location

Locate a designated city sewer connection or a full-service campsite with a sewage connection. Keep in mind that you should always dump your tanks into an actual sewer where the water can be treated and reused. Avoid stealth" dumping unless it is an emergency.

Step 2: Prepare Your Equipment

Before you begin, make sure you have the proper equipment. This includes rubber gloves, a sewer hose, and a water hose for clean-up. It is also recommended to have a sewer hose support when camping for multiple days to improve waste flow and reduce clogs.

Step 3: Put on Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Before handling anything related to RV waste, put on disposable or reusable rubber gloves. If you are sensitive to smells, consider wearing a protective mask as well.

Step 4: Connect the Hoses

Connect the sewer hose to the holding tank outlets and the sewer hookup. Make sure the sewer hose is secure and reaches the hookup without overstretching. Connect the water hose to a fresh water supply for clean-up.

Step 5: Identify the Valves

Locate the valves for the black water and grey water tanks. These are usually T-shaped handles on the plumbing running to the holding tank outlet. In some RVs, they may be colour-coded, with grey for grey water and black for black water. If not colour-coded, the grey water valve is usually on the smaller pipe, and the black water valve is on the larger pipe.

Step 6: Drain the Black Water Tank First

Open the black water valve slowly to start draining the tank. Keep an eye on the process and close the valve quickly if there are any issues. Once the black water tank is empty, you can move on to the next step.

Step 7: Drain the Grey Water Tank

Now, open the grey water valve to drain the grey water tank. Again, pay close attention and be ready to close the valve if needed. Let the tank drain completely.

Step 8: Flush the Tanks

After draining both tanks, perform a preliminary flush by running fresh water through the system. Open the faucets in your kitchen and bathroom sinks for 30-60 seconds and partially fill your toilet bowl with water, then flush it into the black water tank. Repeat this process a few times to ensure that any remaining waste is rinsed away.

Step 9: Use a Black Tank Flush (if available)

If your RV is equipped with a black tank flush mechanism, connect the water hose to the black tank flush inlet and open the handle. Run water through the mechanism, the black water tank, and the sewer hose until they are clear. Then, turn off the water and disconnect the hose.

Step 10: Close the Valves and Clear the Hose

Once you have finished flushing, close the valves for both tanks. Put your gloves back on if you removed them earlier. Gently shake the sewer hose to remove any remaining waste, starting at the bayonet fitting and working your way down the hose.

Step 11: Disconnect the Hoses

Disconnect the sewer hose from the holding tank outlets and the sewer hookup. Replace the holding tank cap, keeping the open end pointed upward. Coil up the sewer hose and store it securely. Rinse and store the water hose separately to avoid contamination.

Step 12: Final Rinse and Clean-up

Before detaching the sewer hose from the campsite or dump station, run fresh water through it to give it a final rinse. Shake and swirl the hose to clean it thoroughly. Disconnect the hose, replace the cap on the sewer hookup, and secure the holding tank outlet cap. Rinse and sanitize your gloves, and wash your hands with soap and water.

Additional Tips:

• Always use separate water hoses for fresh water and for dumping waste.
• Use RV-friendly toilet paper to avoid clogs.
• Keep your tanks closed until they are at least three-quarters full before dumping. This helps to reduce the chances of clogs.
• Use tank treatments every few weeks to reduce odours and break down debris.
• Consider using a macerator pump for easier disposal of black water.
• Regularly clean and disinfect your sewer hose and fittings to prevent odours and maintain sanitation.

The different types of RV tanks

Recreational vehicles typically come with three tanks, located on the underside of the RV, to keep things running smoothly. These are the freshwater tank, the grey water tank, and the black water tank.

The freshwater tank carries the clean potable water that comes out of your RV's sink faucets and shower. The water from the holding tank in your RV will be safe to drink, so long as you maintain it well. The freshwater tank is usually the largest compared to the other two types of tanks, but its size can differ dramatically depending on the type of RV. A small pop-up trailer or class ‘B’ might only have a freshwater tank with a capacity of 10 to 20 gallons. In contrast, a huge Class A motorhome could have a 100-gallon tank.

The grey water tank holds the dirty water from your RV shower and the kitchen sink. Some used campers and vintage RVs may not have this tank. The grey water tank can carry more than a few days’ worth of wastewater depending on how much water is used. The more conservative you are with fresh water, the longer you can go before needing to dump the tank.

The black water tank is the one that holds all the sewage and paper from the on-board toilet. This tank generally has a maximum capacity that will go longer between dumps than the grey water tank, again based on usage. Most RVers will minimise toilet usage by taking advantage of restaurant and service station restrooms while travelling. While travelling, it is good practice to routinely inspect the RV dump valve and check that it is not leaking, and perform maintenance if it becomes difficult to open and close.

How to connect an RV sewer hose

To connect an RV sewer hose, follow these steps:

Firstly, ensure that the RV's drain valves are closed. You can then twist off the termination cap of the drain. It's important to make sure the valves are closed before you start, to avoid any nasty surprises!

Next, measure the distance from the sewer's inlet to the RV's drain outlet. You will then need to transfer this measurement to a PVC pipe. The standard size for this pipe is 3 inches in diameter, but it can vary depending on the make and model of your RV, so it's worth checking this first. Cut the pipe to the correct length using a saw. You can use a utility knife to remove any burrs from the ends.

Now, take a 3-inch flexible connector and slip it onto the hose side of a 45-degree RV drain outlet adapter. You can then twist the adapter onto the RV drain outlet. Slip the cut length of PVC pipe into the other side of the flexible connector and tighten the clamps with a screwdriver.

The next step is to screw or insert a right-angle sewer-fitting adapter into the sewer inlet. Position the PVC pipe alongside the sewer fitting and check the length. If you need to, trim the pipe. Slip a 3-inch flexible connector onto the open end of the PVC pipe, and then slip the other side of the flexible connector onto the right-angle sewer fitting adapter. Tighten the clamps.

Now you're ready to open the RV grey water drain valve. Turn on the water at one of the faucets inside the RV and check the PVC drain pipe for any leaks, paying particular attention to the flexible connectors. If there are any leaks, simply tighten the clamps.

And that's it! You've successfully connected your RV sewer hose.

How to check for leaks

Once you've installed your hard-piped sewer system, you'll want to test it for leaks. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to do this:

Open the grey water drain valve

Start by opening the grey water drain valve. This will allow you to test for leaks without risking any black water waste leaking out.

Turn on the water

Turn on the water at one of the faucets inside your camper. This will enable you to simulate the conditions of the pipes in use and check for any leaks.

Check the PVC drain pipe for leaks

With the water running, carefully inspect the PVC drain pipe for any signs of leaks. Pay close attention to the flexible connectors, as these are the most likely points of failure. If you notice any leaks, tighten the clamps on the connectors using a screwdriver.

Re-test the system

If you made any adjustments, re-test the system by repeating steps 1-3. Ensure that there are no leaks before moving on to the next step.

Test the black water system

Once you've confirmed that the grey water system is functioning properly, it's time to test the black water system. Open the black water drain valve slowly and watch for any signs of leaks or failures. If you notice any issues, close the valve and investigate the problem. You may need to retighten a segment or use a sealant to secure the connection.

Regular maintenance

To prevent clogs and maintain the health of your hard-piped sewer system, remember to regularly flush the system with clean water and a mild RV sewer cleaner. Additionally, if you're in a colder climate, insulate your exposed pipes to prevent freezing during winter.

By following these steps, you can ensure that your hard-piped camper sewer system is functioning properly and leak-free.

Frequently asked questions