Plumbing Your Camper: Hard Connections For Hassle-Free Camping

Hard plumbing an RV or camper van is a convenient and permanent alternative to the traditional hose system. It provides a cleaner, more aesthetic solution, reduces the risk of leaks and spills, and even enhances the value of your RV. It can be a more durable option, as the sun and other weather conditions can degrade the materials on standard hoses. However, it may require a bit of plumbing knowledge to get the job done properly, and it can potentially void your warranty if your RV is under one. Additionally, it limits the mobility of your RV, as the pipes are not compact and are typically only possible for people who are stationary for extended periods.

To hard plumb your camper, you will need to determine the layout, including the slope of the pipe, and gather the necessary tools and supplies, such as PVC pipes, connectors, pipe clamps, and an impact socket drill. You will also need to evaluate your RV and setup, checking local regulations and permits, and planning the pipe route. Once you have everything in place, you can start installing the pipes, connecting them to the RV's sewer outlet, and testing the system for leaks.

Choosing the right pipes

When it comes to choosing the right pipes for your camper, there are a few options to consider. The most common types of plumbing pipes used in campers include PEX, PVC, copper, and ABS pipes, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Here are some factors to consider when choosing the right pipes for your camper:

• Ease of Installation: PEX and PVC pipes are known for being easy to cut and install, making them a popular choice for DIY projects. They are also great for tight spaces due to their flexibility. On the other hand, copper and ABS pipes can be more challenging to cut and install, and they are not ideal for tight spaces.
• Durability: While PEX, PVC, and copper pipes are known for their durability, it is important to note that sun exposure can warp and degrade ABS pipes. Therefore, if your camper will be exposed to direct sunlight for extended periods, ABS may not be the best choice.
• Cost: PEX and PVC pipes are generally more affordable than copper and ABS pipes. However, it is worth considering that more expensive piping options tend to last longer, potentially saving you money in the long run.
• Flexibility: If your camper has tight spaces or complex plumbing layouts, you may need a more flexible pipe like PEX. This can make it easier to weave the pipes through walls, ceilings, and other confined areas.
• Local Regulations: Before installing any type of pipe, be sure to check your local building codes and regulations. Some types of pipes, such as PEX and PVC, may not be permitted in certain areas.
• Water Flow and Pressure: Consider the water flow and pressure requirements for your camper. For example, if you plan to have high-flow showerheads or multiple fixtures running simultaneously, you will need pipes that can handle higher flow rates and pressures.
• Health and Safety: Copper pipes are known for their health and safety benefits as they do not carry the same health risks as some plastic pipes, which can leach chemicals over time. If you are concerned about the safety of your drinking water, copper pipes with lead-free joint materials are recommended.

When making your decision, it is important to consider the specific needs and constraints of your camper. Consulting with a contractor or plumbing expert can also help you make an informed decision and ensure your plumbing system complies with local regulations.

Planning the layout

Firstly, evaluate your RV setup by determining whether your RV is at a permanent site or frequently moved. This is an important consideration because hard piping usually applies to stationary setups. Additionally, check for any local regulations or permits required for installing a sewer connection.

Next, locate your RV's sewer outlet and identify the existing sewer connections to help plan the pipe route. This will involve considering the slope, distance, and any obstacles in the path of the pipes. The slope, or pitch, of the pipe is critical to ensure efficient waste flow. A recommended slope is a maximum of one-fourth inch of slope per foot.

Determine the layout of the pipes, including any elbows or connectors required to navigate around obstacles. If your RV is stationary for an extended period, consider using PVC pipes, which are more durable and long-lasting than flexible tubing.

Before finalising your layout, consult with your local health department to ensure you comply with any specific rules or regulations. Certain locations may have unique requirements for the materials used to handle wastewater.

Gathering tools and supplies

Gathering the tools and supplies is a crucial step in hard-plumbing your RV. Here is a detailed list of the items you will need to get started:

• 3-inch PVC pipe: Ensure you have enough pipe to run from your RV to the sewer connection. The length will depend on the distance between your RV and the sewer connection point.
• Connectors: These are essential for attaching the pipe to the sewer connection. The QwikCamp RV Plumbing Waste System is a popular option that provides a professional and leak-proof connection.
• Pipe clamps: These are used to tighten and secure the connection between the pipe and the connectors.
• Impact socket drill and socket: This tool helps to tighten the pipe clamps. Using an impact drill makes it easier to achieve the desired tightness without overtightening, which could crack the pipes.
• Handsaw: You will need a handsaw to cut the PVC pipe to the required length. Choose a handsaw that is specifically designed for cutting PVC to ensure clean and straight cuts.
• Razor blade: A razor blade will help you trim any sharp burs inside the piping, creating a smooth finish.
• Hangers and supports: These are necessary to support the weight of the pipes and prevent sagging or damage. You can use cinder blocks or create wooden supports, depending on your setup.
• Solvent cement: This is required for assembling the PVC pipes and fittings. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper use.
• Adapter for sewer hose: Choose a compatible adapter to connect your sewer hose to the hard-piped system.
• Traps and vents: Traps prevent sewer gases from entering your RV, while vents allow for proper ventilation. Ensure you follow local regulations and building codes for vent installation.
• Sealant and primer: Use appropriate sealant and primer to ensure a leak-free installation.
• Essential tools: In addition to the handsaw and drill, you will also need a wrench and pipe cutters for assembling and adjusting the pipes.

Once you have gathered all the necessary tools and supplies, you can move on to the next step of determining the layout and installing your hard-pipe RV sewer line. Remember to refer to local regulations and seek professional advice if needed.

Measuring and cutting pipes

Planning and Preparation:

Before you begin measuring and cutting, it's important to evaluate your RV setup and determine if you're at a permanent site or plan to move frequently. Check local regulations and permits for installing a sewer connection. Locate your RV's sewer outlet and existing sewer connections to plan the pipe route effectively.

Measuring and Cutting:

When measuring and cutting pipes for your RV sewer line, follow these steps:

• Determine the Layout: Consider the slope of the pipe to ensure efficient waste flow. A maximum slope of one-fourth inch per foot is recommended. Identify if you need elbows or other connectors based on the location of your sewer connections and RV.
• Gather Tools: Ensure you have all the necessary tools, including a handsaw rated for cutting PVC pipe and a 3-inch PVC pipe long enough to run from your RV to the sewer connection. You'll also need connectors, pipe clamps, and an impact socket drill to tighten the connections.
• Measure Twice, Cut Once: Measure the distance from your RV's sewer outlet to the sewer connection on the ground. Mark the pipe and cut it to size, ensuring a straight line with minimal corners for smooth waste flow.
• Install Fittings: Cut all the pipes to size, and then start installing the fittings. Work your way from the connection on your RV backward toward the sewer outlet. Secure the fittings with pipe clamps, being careful not to overtighten, as this can damage the plastic.

Support and Testing:

After installing the fittings, remember to provide supports for the pipes to prevent sagging and potential damage. Test your new system by opening the grey tank slowly and checking for any signs of leaks. If you notice any dripping, investigate and address the issue before proceeding.

Testing for leaks

Prepare the Plumbing System:

• Close all water supply valves, including the main water supply to your camper. It is important to cut off the water supply to perform an accurate test.
• Place caps on all supply lines, except for shower faucets. If you have threaded fittings, use plumbers' tape to seal them securely.
• Assemble the necessary tools for the test, such as a pressure gauge, pipe nipples, and a reducer.

Perform the Pressure Test:

• Connect the pressure gauge assembly to the shower faucet. Tighten it securely to ensure a proper seal.
• Using the pressure gauge assembly, increase the pressure in your system. A safe range is between 80 and 120 PSI, which is two to three times the usual pressure.
• Allow the pressure to build up and maintain a constant pressure for a period of time, typically up to an hour. This will help you identify any fluctuations in pressure that may indicate a leak.
• Observe the pressure gauge closely. If there are fluctuations or drops in pressure, it suggests a potential leak in your plumbing system.

Alternative Test Methods:

• If you are dealing with a Drain-Waste-Vent (DWV) plumbing system, the testing procedure is slightly different. Place a cap on each stub-out connected to your plumbing system using plastic pipe cement.
• Connect a pressure gauge and an air compressor hose to your system. Install a tee and screw an adapter onto a cleanout fitting to facilitate these connections.
• Turn on the compressor and fill the pipes with air until the pressure reaches around 5 PSI. Let the system run for a few minutes to check for pressure changes.
• Turn off the compressor and observe the system for about 15 minutes. If the pressure drops during this period, it indicates a potential plumbing leak.

Additional Tips:

• It is recommended to perform a pressure test after any renovations or additions to your plumbing system. This will help identify any issues introduced during the work.
• Pressure testing is particularly important for new plumbing installations to ensure they can withstand long-term use.
• If you suspect leaks or experience pressure changes, foul smells, or other issues, a pressure test can help identify the source of the problem.
• Always follow safety guidelines and reach out to a professional plumber if you are unsure about any aspects of the testing process.

Frequently asked questions