Hauling A Fifth Wheel: Safe Practices For Beginners

Hauling a fifth-wheel camper can be intimidating, especially for beginners. Fifth-wheel campers can be up to 40 feet long and 13 feet high, requiring unique towing considerations compared to traditional travel trailers. This guide will cover the basics of how to safely haul a fifth-wheel camper, including choosing the right truck, connecting the camper, driving techniques, and safety tips.

Choosing the right truck

Towing and Payload Capacity

The towing capacity of a truck refers to the maximum weight it can safely pull without causing damage to the vehicle or compromising safety. It is crucial to select a truck with a towing capacity that exceeds the Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) of your 5th-wheel camper. The GVWR includes the dry weight of the camper, plus additional cargo, water, and propane. For example, if your 5th wheel's GVWR is 15,000 pounds, you'll need a truck with a towing capacity of at least 15,000 pounds or more.

In addition to towing capacity, payload capacity is equally important. Payload refers to the total weight a truck can carry in its bed and cab, including passengers, gear, and the hitch. A 5th-wheel hitch can weigh between 150 and 300 pounds, so ensure the truck's payload capacity can accommodate the hitch weight and any additional cargo.

Bed Size and Hitch Compatibility

The size of the truck bed is critical when choosing a truck for your 5th-wheel camper. Most people opt for long-bed trucks (8 feet) as they provide more room for the hitch and reduce the risk of the trailer colliding with the cab during turns. However, newer short-bed trucks (around 6 feet) can also tow a 5th wheel using a sliding hitch, which allows the hitch to move back during turns to prevent contact with the cab.

Engine Type

The engine plays a vital role in towing performance. Diesel engines are typically recommended for 5th-wheel campers as they offer superior torque for hauling heavy loads and tend to have longer engine life when towing consistently. Gasoline engines can also be powerful enough for smaller 5th wheels, especially if you don't plan on long-distance or mountainous towing. While diesel engines may have higher upfront costs, their superior fuel economy can save you money in the long run.

Transmission and Braking

When towing a 5th-wheel camper, look for trucks with automatic transmissions that have manual shift modes. These transmissions provide more control over shifting when navigating hills, preventing overheating and increasing towing efficiency. Additionally, ensure the truck has a robust braking system, ideally with an integrated trailer brake controller, to synchronize the truck's brakes with those on the camper.

Axle Ratio

The rear axle ratio of a truck affects its towing efficiency. A higher axle ratio, such as 4.10:1, provides more pulling power but may compromise fuel economy. Trucks with a lower axle ratio, like 3.55:1, may be more fuel-efficient but could struggle with heavy loads. If your 5th-wheel camper is on the heavier side, consider opting for a higher rear axle ratio for smoother towing.

Popular Truck Models for Towing 5th-Wheel Campers

Some popular truck models known for their high towing capacity and performance include:

• Ford F-350 Super Duty: Offers up to 37,000 pounds of towing capacity and excellent payload capacity.
• Chevrolet Silverado 3500 HD: Features a towing capacity of up to 36,000 pounds and advanced towing technologies.
• Ram 3500: Delivers up to 37,090 pounds of towing capacity with its diesel engine and high torque.

Remember, when choosing a truck for your 5th-wheel camper, it's essential to consider factors such as towing and payload capacity, bed size, engine type, transmission, braking, and axle ratio. The right truck will provide a balance between power and efficiency, ensuring a safe and enjoyable camping experience.

Connecting and disconnecting

Connecting:

• Align the hitch on your truck with the kingpin on your trailer: This step is crucial to ensure a secure connection between your truck and the 5th wheel trailer. The hitch is the mechanism on your truck that allows you to tow the trailer, while the kingpin is the protruding part of the trailer that inserts into the hitch.
• Secure the connection: Once the hitch and kingpin are properly aligned, you will need to secure the connection. Follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer of your hitch to ensure it is locked in place correctly. This may involve engaging a locking mechanism or fastening bolts, depending on the type of hitch you have.
• Check all brake and signal lights: Before you start driving, it is essential to ensure that all your lights are functioning properly. This includes brake lights, turn signals, and emergency flashers. Have a spotter help you check these lights to ensure they are visible and working correctly.
• Perform a tug test: Before you hit the road, it is a good idea to perform a tug test to ensure that your hitch is properly engaged and locked. Raise the landing gear of the trailer by about an inch, hold the manual trailer brake button on your brake controller, and then try to pull the trailer with your truck. If the connection is secure, the trailer will be held in place by its own brakes.

Disconnecting:

• Locate the locking mechanism: Before you can disconnect, you need to locate and release the locking mechanism on your hitch. This could be a handle, a latch, or a series of bolts, depending on your hitch type.
• Release the locking mechanism: To release the locking mechanism, you may need to pull a handle, lift a latch, or loosen bolts. Refer to the instructions provided by the manufacturer of your hitch for specific details on how to safely release the connection.
• Lower the landing gear: Before you completely disconnect, make sure to lower the landing gear of the trailer to support its weight. Crank the landing gear down until it is firmly on the ground and can bear the weight of the trailer.
• Disconnect the hitch: Once the trailer is secure on its landing gear, you can fully disconnect the hitch. Carefully pull your truck away from the trailer, ensuring that there are no obstructions, and slowly back up until the hitch is completely disengaged from the kingpin.
• Secure the trailer: After disconnecting, make sure to chock the trailer's wheels and place blocks or pads behind the tires to prevent it from rolling. This will ensure that the trailer remains stationary and secure until you are ready to tow it again.

Remember to always refer to the specific instructions provided by the manufacturers of your truck, hitch, and trailer for detailed information on connecting and disconnecting your 5th wheel safely.

Driving with a 5th wheel

When towing a 5th wheel, you'll need to increase your following distance and travel at a safe, reasonable speed. The larger your vehicle, the more distance you'll need to stop when traffic ahead of you slows down. Evasive techniques are challenging to execute at the last minute when towing an RV, so it's crucial to drive cautiously and anticipate potential hazards.

Your visibility behind you will be significantly reduced when towing a 5th wheel, so you'll rely heavily on your side mirrors. You may need to purchase mirror extensions to improve your visibility and make lane changes, backing up, and parking safer and easier.

When driving with a 5th wheel, it's essential to perform regular checks on your towing equipment. Ensure that the tires, brakes, lights, and all hitch connections are in good working order. It's also important to drive carefully and maintain a safe distance from the vehicle in front of you. Remember that your stopping distance will be longer when towing a trailer.

Additionally, consider installing cameras to enhance your visibility. Some 5th wheels are prepped for side-view or rear-view camera installations, which can be incredibly beneficial when making lane changes, backing up, and navigating campsites.

Planning your route

• Consider the size of your 5th wheel camper when choosing your route. Some roads or bridges may have height or weight restrictions that could pose challenges for larger campers. Use resources such as RV-specific GPS systems or campground directories to identify routes and campsites that can accommodate your camper's dimensions.
• Plan your route to include campsites that can accommodate your 5th wheel camper. Make reservations in advance to ensure availability, especially during peak travel seasons. Consider joining campground membership clubs to gain access to a wider range of campsites.
• Take into account road conditions and choose routes that are suitable for larger vehicles. Avoid narrow roads or areas with low bridge clearances. Use online tools or apps to identify roads that are safe for larger vehicles and allow for easier manoeuvring.
• Be mindful of the length of your trip and plan for regular stops. Longer trips may require more frequent breaks to ensure the safety and comfort of all passengers. Identify rest areas or campsites along your route where you can stop and recharge.
• If you're travelling through mountainous regions, plan your route carefully. Consider factors such as steep inclines or sharp turns that may be challenging when hauling a 5th wheel camper. Opt for routes with gradual elevation changes and avoid roads with hairpin turns or narrow passages.
• Be aware of any weight restrictions on roads or bridges along your route. Ensure that your camper's weight, including all cargo and supplies, does not exceed the maximum weight capacity allowed on these routes. Check local regulations and weight limits to ensure compliance.
• If you're travelling internationally, research the specific requirements and regulations for the countries you'll be visiting. Some countries may have different rules regarding vehicle dimensions, weight limits, or special permits needed for hauling a 5th wheel camper.
• Plan for potential emergencies or breakdowns. Identify repair shops or service centres along your route that can accommodate larger vehicles in case of unexpected mechanical issues. Have a list of emergency contacts, including roadside assistance providers, readily available during your trip.
• Consider joining a community or forum for 5th wheel camper enthusiasts. These communities can be a valuable source of information and advice for route planning. They can provide insights on routes, campsites, and potential challenges or highlights along the way.

Safety considerations

Hauling a 5th wheel camper requires careful preparation and adherence to safety protocols. Here are some essential safety considerations to keep in mind:

Vehicle Choice:

Select a truck with sufficient towing capacity to handle the weight of your 5th wheel camper. Ensure it is equipped with a 5th wheel hitch, mounted in the truck bed. A larger truck with added towing capacity, such as a full-size or heavy-duty truck, is often recommended.

Hitch Setup:

Install a compatible 5th wheel hitch that is rated for the pin weight of your camper. The hitch should be properly sized for the camper and bolted or welded to the frame of the truck in the truck bed. Consult experts or professionals to ensure the correct hitch setup.

Connection and Disconnection:

Master the skill of connecting and disconnecting your 5th wheel camper. This involves aligning the hitch on the truck with the kingpin on the trailer, securing the connection, and checking all brake and signal lights. Practice this process until you are proficient.

Driving Technique:

Driving with a 5th wheel attached requires adjustments to your driving technique. Account for the extra length and weight when changing lanes, turning, and parking. Drive at a safe, reasonable speed, maintaining a greater distance from the vehicle in front of you than you would when driving without a trailer. Your stopping distance will be longer, so be mindful of this and avoid excessive braking.

Loading:

Load your 5th wheel camper evenly to maintain balance. An unbalanced load can make the trailer unstable and challenging to control. Check your camper's cargo-carrying capacity and avoid overloading it, as this can create unsafe towing conditions.

Route Planning:

Plan your route carefully, considering road conditions, bridge clearances, and the availability of campsites suitable for your 5th wheel camper. Use RV-specific GPS systems to navigate and be mindful of height and weight restrictions on certain roads and bridges.

Regular Checks:

Perform regular inspections of your 5th wheel camper and towing equipment. This includes checking the tires, brakes, lights, and all hitch connections. Ensure everything is in good working order before and during your journey.

Camera Installation (Optional):

Consider installing side-view or rear-view cameras to improve visibility. This can enhance your ability to check for obstacles, make lane changes, and identify traffic approaching from behind.

Mirror Extensions:

You may need to install mirror extensions to increase visibility. These extensions make it easier to see vehicles behind you and help with lane changes and backing up.

Passenger Safety:

If passengers are riding in the camper, ensure compliance with local laws and safety regulations. Check if there are any age restrictions for passengers and ensure everyone is properly secured with seatbelts.

Always put safety first when hauling a 5th wheel camper. By following these considerations, you can help ensure a safe and enjoyable journey.

Frequently asked questions