Guide To Connecting A Generator To Your Camper Safely

Adding a generator to a camper van is a great way to ensure you have access to power when travelling off-grid. There are two main types of generators that can be installed: built-in and portable. When connecting a generator to a camper, it is important to consider factors such as wattage requirements, charging time, portability, and weather resistance. Additionally, it is crucial to prioritise safety and follow the operating instructions and safety precautions specific to your generator model.

How to hook a generator to a camper

Choosing the right generator

Power Requirements

Firstly, determine your power needs. Consider what appliances you will be powering with the generator. This includes items such as air conditioners, refrigerators, microwaves, televisions, and electronic devices. Each appliance will have specific power requirements, so be sure to check the wattage ratings and calculate the total power demand. It is generally recommended to have more power than you need to avoid overloading the generator.

Type of Generator

There are two main types of generators: portable generators and built-in generators. Portable generators are placed outside the RV and require manual fuel changes. They tend to be less expensive but can be heavy, loud, and require more maintenance. Built-in generators, on the other hand, are hardwired to the vehicle and connect directly to the RV's fuel tank. They offer higher wattage ranges but are more expensive.

Generator Size

The size of the generator you need will depend on the specific equipment in your RV and the number of appliances you plan to run simultaneously. For example, a Class B van with one AC unit typically requires 2,000 to 3,600 watts, while a Class A RV with three AC units may require 10,000 to 12,500 watts. It is important to consider both the starting watts (initial burst when turned on) and the running watts (power to keep it running) when determining the right size.

Noise Level

Generators can vary significantly in terms of noise level. If you plan to camp in remote locations, you may prefer a quieter generator to avoid disrupting the natural environment and your camping experience. Inverter generators tend to be much quieter than open-frame generators, although they are more expensive.

Fuel Type

Generators can run on different types of fuel, such as gasoline, propane, or natural gas. Consider the fuel efficiency and availability of the fuel type you choose. Some generators are dual-fuel, allowing you to switch between fuel sources, which can be convenient if you run out of one type of fuel.

Safety

Always prioritize safety when choosing and operating a generator. Ensure that you follow all safety guidelines and instructions provided by the manufacturer. Be mindful of carbon monoxide poisoning risks and keep the generator well-ventilated and a safe distance from your RV and other campers. Regularly check and maintain the generator, including the fuel, oil, and air filter.

Generator safety

Read the Manual

Before starting your generator and plugging it into your camper, thoroughly read all operating instructions and safety precautions provided by the manufacturer. This is crucial as generators vary in specifications and requirements.

Choose a Safe Location

Place your generator on a level, flame-resistant surface, such as a concrete RV pad, away from combustible materials like grass, pine needles, or other natural elements. Ensure there is ample clearance, typically a minimum of five feet of airspace on all sides, to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning and allow for safe operation and ventilation. Keep the generator at least 15-25 feet away from your camper and any other campers in the vicinity.

Prevent Theft

Generators are commonly stolen from campsites, so it is important to secure your generator. Use strong chains, locks, cables, alarms, and/or cameras to deter thieves. Additionally, consider mounting the generator onto your RV using a bracket or installing a tracker to monitor its location.

Use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

When handling and operating the generator, wear appropriate PPE to prevent injuries. This may include ear protection, eye protection, and heat-resistant gloves.

Fuel Safety

Always use the type of fuel recommended by the generator's manufacturer and store it safely. Keep the generator and fuel supply away from heat sources and open flames. Before refuelling, ensure the generator is turned off and has cooled down adequately to prevent accidental fires.

Electrocution Hazards

To avoid the risk of electrocution, always use equipment that is in good working order and never use cords or electrical equipment with damaged or exposed wiring. Be cautious when operating the generator in wet environments.

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a dangerous, invisible, and odourless gas produced by generators. Ensure your generator is properly ventilated and positioned outside, away from open doors, windows, or vents that could allow CO to enter enclosed spaces. Install and regularly test CO detectors to alert you of any CO accumulation.

Maintenance

Regularly maintain your generator by checking fluid levels, cleaning it, and testing ignition and cool-down procedures. Refer to the owner's manual for specific maintenance guidelines.

How to connect a generator

To connect a generator to a camper, you need to first consider the type of generator you will be using. There are two main types of generators that can be installed in camper vans: built-in and portable.

Built-in generators are fixed into the van's generator compartment, hardwired into the electrical system, and fuelled by the vehicle. On the other hand, portable generators are smaller, more versatile, and can be powered by solar energy, gas, or propane.

For small trailers, campers, SUVs, and minivans, a 2000-watt generator is typically sufficient, while larger RVs and travel trailers may require 4000 watts or more. It is important to consider the wattage requirements of the appliances you will be using, as well as the size of your camper.

Once you have selected the appropriate generator, follow these steps to connect it to your camper:

• Park, level, and stabilize your RV or camper to ensure it is secure.
• Position your generator on a level, flame-resistant surface, such as a concrete RV pad, maintaining a safe distance of at least 15 feet away from your camper.
• Ensure the generator has adequate clearance, with a minimum of five feet of air space on all sides for safe operation.
• Check the oil level and ensure the generator has enough fuel (gas or propane, depending on the model).
• Turn off all RV or camper appliances, and make sure any backup fuel or oil is stored at a safe distance from the generator.
• Plug your shore power plug into the generator, using an adapter if necessary, to step down your service plug to a normal plug.
• Start the generator and let it run for a minimum of 5 minutes before plugging in any appliances.
• Plug a surge protector directly into the generator, and then connect your RV or camper power cord into the surge protector.

By following these steps, you can safely connect a generator to your camper, ensuring a reliable power supply during your off-grid adventures.

How to start a generator

Starting an RV generator is a simple task, whether it's an onboard or portable generator. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to start your generator:

For Onboard Generators:

• Locate the generator: Onboard generators are usually found in Class A and C motorhomes, as well as towable campers with a different fuel source. You may need to access it through one of your storage bay doors.
• Understand the fuel source: Onboard generators in motorhomes and Class B conversion vans typically use the same gasoline that powers the engine. Towable RVs, on the other hand, often use propane tanks to fuel the generator and other appliances.
• Check the fuel level: Ensure your RV's fuel tank is at least one-quarter full. Below this level, the generator may not receive fuel. If the fuel is low, you'll need to prime the generator before starting it.
• Locate the primer and starter buttons: These buttons are usually located next to each other.
• Prime the generator: Push the primer button 2-3 times.
• Start the generator: Hold the start button until the engine starts. If it doesn't start after a few seconds, release the button and try again.
• Consult the owner's manual: If you've attempted multiple times and it still doesn't start, refer to your owner's manual or seek assistance from a professional technician familiar with your generator's make and model.

For Portable Generators:

• Unload and set up the generator: Take the generator out of your RV and connect it to your RV's power supply port.
• Check the fuel level: Ensure the generator has enough fuel for your intended usage.
• Check the oil level: It is important to check the oil level before starting the generator.
• Prime the generator: Unless you've recently refuelled the generator, you'll likely need to prime it again. Consult your operator's manual to locate the priming button and familiarise yourself with the generator's specifics, such as kilowatt output and fuel consumption.
• Start the generator: Most portable generators will require you to prime the carburetor, just like an onboard generator. Pull the recoil cord to start the generator. The recoil cord is usually found on the side or top of the generator's motor. If it doesn't start on the first pull, repeat the process.

How to disconnect and shut down a generator

Disconnecting and shutting down a generator is a straightforward process, but it's important to follow the correct steps to ensure safety and prevent damage to your equipment. Here is a detailed guide on how to safely disconnect and shut down a generator:

Step 1: Turn Off All RV Appliances

First, ensure that all appliances and devices connected to the generator are turned off. This includes any lights, electronics, or appliances that were running on generator power. It is important to do this before disconnecting the power cord to avoid damaging the electrical system.

Step 2: Disconnect the Power Cord

Once everything is turned off, step outside and disconnect the power cord that links your RV to the generator. This is a crucial step to prevent power surges or electrical issues.

Step 3: Follow the Generator's Manual

Now, refer to the owner's manual of your specific generator model. Each generator may have unique requirements for powering down, so it is essential to consult the instructions provided by the manufacturer. For example, some generators may require turning the power switch to the "Off" position and then shutting off the fuel valve.

Step 4: Allow the Generator to Cool Down

Before refuelling or storing your generator, allow it to cool down for a sufficient amount of time. This helps prevent accidents and ensures the generator is safe to handle. Typically, 5-10 minutes of cooling time is recommended.

Step 5: Refuel and Store (If Applicable)

If your generator needs refuelling, do so after it has cooled down. Always use the correct type of fuel for your generator, as incompatible fuels can cause engine damage. Store the generator in a safe and secure location, following any specific storage guidelines provided by the manufacturer.

Additional Considerations:

• It is important to regularly clean and maintain your generator, especially if you use it frequently. This includes checking and cleaning the air filter, as well as ensuring the generator has sufficient oil and fuel.
• When disconnecting and shutting down your generator, be mindful of the surrounding environment. Ensure that the generator's exhaust is not directed towards any flammable materials or other campers.
• Always follow campground regulations and be considerate of other campers when using a generator. Respect "generator hours" and keep noise levels to a minimum, especially during quiet hours.

Frequently asked questions