Hooking Up Your Dometic Fridge: Camper Edition

Dometic refrigerators are a common refrigerator found in many mobile applications, including RVs and boats. They are designed by Dometic, a trusted outdoor brand based in Sweden with US headquarters in Elkhart, Indiana. Dometic refrigerators can run on AC electricity, LP gas, DC, or all three, and are designed to absorb shocks and vibrations.

There are two types of Dometic RV refrigerators: absorption and compressor. Absorption refrigerators use propane or electrical heat to boil a mixture of ammonia and water, creating a cooling effect. Compressor refrigerators use a refrigerant vapour, which is compressed to reach a higher temperature, and then cooled in a condenser.

When it comes to hooking up a Dometic refrigerator in a camper, there are several options. The refrigerator can be powered by electricity, propane, or battery. If using electricity, the refrigerator should be set to automatic or DC. If using propane, there is usually a propane selection option that will force propane operation. Battery-powered Dometic refrigerators are less efficient and will drain batteries quickly, so a battery charger or alternator is needed.

Choosing the right power source

Electric Power

Dometic RV refrigerators can operate on 110 electric power or 12-volt battery power. The electric power option is suitable when your camper is hooked up to shore power or a generator. It is essential to ensure that your power outlet is supplying 120 volts, and the circuit breaker for the appliance hasn't tripped.

Propane Power

Propane is another common power source for Dometic refrigerators. This option is ideal for off-grid camping or when electricity is unavailable. Many Dometic absorption fridges can run for months on a single tank of propane. However, it is important to note that using propane while driving is not recommended for transportation safety reasons. Additionally, it is illegal to leave propane tanks open while travelling through certain tunnels, and it is advisable to turn off the fridge while fuelling to mitigate fire risks.

Absorption vs Compressor Fridges

Dometic offers both absorption and compressor refrigerators. Absorption fridges use an ammonia-based system, while compressor fridges use a refrigerant vapour. Absorption models are more susceptible to external temperature conditions and less efficient on electric power, while compressor fridges are highly efficient and ideal for solar power systems.

Battery Power

Some Dometic absorption fridges are three-way, meaning they can also run on battery power. However, they are not very efficient and will quickly drain your batteries, so ensure you have a battery charger or alternator running. On the other hand, Dometic DC compressor fridges are very efficient and can run for an extended period on battery power alone, making them a good choice if you use solar panels.

In conclusion, when choosing a power source for your Dometic refrigerator in a camper, consider your camping style, power availability, and the specific features of your fridge. By selecting the right power source, you can ensure your food stays cold and fresh during your camping adventures.

Setting the temperature

It's important to note that external temperatures and conditions will affect the temperature inside your fridge, so you may need to adjust the settings accordingly. Dometic's absorption fridges are more susceptible to these external factors than DC compressor models.

If you're using an RV refrigerator, it's important to give it time to cool down—it can take up to 24 hours to reach the desired temperature. To speed up the cooling process, you can put cold items in your refrigerator, and make sure that your camper is as level as possible, as RV refrigerators use gravity to cool.

The freezer section of your RV refrigerator will usually cool down first, and there is often no temperature adjustment for this section. The refrigerator section will cool down second, and it's a good idea to put a thermometer in a bottle of water and set it in the back of your refrigerator overnight to check the temperature in the morning.

Preparing for travel

Turn on the Refrigerator in Advance:

Turn on your Dometic RV refrigerator a day before your trip to allow it to cool down to the optimal temperature. This practice is energy-efficient as it utilizes colder outdoor temperatures, and it ensures your food is stored at the desired temperature during transit.

Optimal Loading and Organization:

Ensure your refrigerator is not overloaded. Proper airflow is essential for effective cooling, so leave space for air to circulate between the shelves and around the food items. Place items that are already frozen in the freezer to reduce the refrigerator's workload. Organize your food with the knowledge that the upper shelves are the coldest, and the door shelves experience the most temperature variation.

Check Thermistor Position:

The thermistor is responsible for monitoring and regulating the fridge's temperature. Check that it is correctly positioned at the top of its clip, which should be placed on the upper half of the cooling fins. Use tape and a binder clip to secure it if necessary.

Level Your Camper:

The RV refrigerator's cooling system relies on gravity, so ensure your camper is parked on level ground before operating the refrigerator. Avoid steep driveways and opt for level surfaces like the street or side yard.

Choose the Right Power Source:

Dometic RV refrigerators can operate on different power sources: electric (shore power), propane (LP gas), or battery (12-volt DC power). When traveling, using propane is generally recommended for extended periods. However, if you're concerned about safety, you can switch to electric or battery power. Just ensure your batteries are adequately charged, and consider investing in solar panels for extended battery life.

Safety Precautions:

Always follow safety guidelines when operating your RV refrigerator. Keep the refrigerator off while fueling, and be mindful of local regulations regarding propane use when traveling through tunnels or stopping at fuel stations. Regularly inspect the refrigerator's seals, gaskets, and control board for any damage or wear, replacing them if necessary.

Maintenance

Regular Cleaning and Inspection:

• Burner and Igniter Maintenance: Ensure the burner and igniter are clean and properly positioned. You may need to remove a plastic cover to access these components. Refer to YouTube videos or user manuals for detailed instructions.
• Thermistor Inspection: The thermistor regulates the refrigerator's temperature. Ensure it is correctly positioned in the clip at the back of the refrigerator. Test it with a multimeter, and if faulty, replace it.
• Gasket Maintenance: Clean dirty gaskets with warm soapy water and a soft brush or sponge. If the door gasket is damaged, replace it with a compatible model.
• Control Board Inspection: Check the control board for signs of damage, such as burn marks, cracks, corrosion, or loose connections. If issues are identified, consult a professional technician for repair or replacement.

Annual Check-up and Maintenance:

• Refrigerator Maintenance: Keep your fridge dry and clean to prevent mould build-up. Ensure the door closes tightly, and test its functionality on all energy sources (12V, 230V, or gas).
• Gas System Inspection: Perform a safety check on the gas system. Inspect all hoses and seals for cracks to avoid leaks. Refill your gas bottles and consider buying an extra one if needed.
• Windows and Doors: Check the seals of windows and doors to ensure they are tight. Inspect the glass for minor cracks and rock chips.
• Vehicle Electrics: Monitor the charging status of the batteries. Consider upgrading the battery capacity, such as with a lithium battery, if necessary. Use a quality battery charger or charging booster for your onboard grid.

Resetting the Refrigerator:

• In case of technical glitches or system issues, you can reset your Dometic RV refrigerator. First, disconnect it from all power sources. Then, locate the reset button, usually on the back or inside the fridge. Press and hold it for a few seconds, release, and repeat the process. Finally, reconnect the refrigerator to power sources.
• If your model doesn't have a reset button, you can perform a manual reset. Turn off all power to the fridge, then press and hold the "Refrigerator" button near the control panel for about ten seconds. Release the button, wait, and then press and release it twice more. Reconnect the power to complete the reset process.

Troubleshooting

Dometic refrigerators are a common refrigerator found in many mobile applications, including RVs and boats. They are popular due to their overall functionality, as well as their range of sizes and styles. They can be powered by AC electricity, LP gas, DC, or all three.

The fridge won't power on

• If you typically use propane, check if your propane tank is full.
• Some units don't have an automatic switch between electric and propane power. If your model doesn't, you may need to switch over manually.
• Check for a blown fuse in your RV's black box.

The fridge isn't staying cold

• Check the exterior seal for any gaps.
• Ensure a clear gas supply by cleaning the jet.
• Make sure the fridge's airflow isn't blocked.
• Replace the Thermistor (a thermostat and resistor combination inside the fridge).
• Remove the contents of the fridge and allow it to cool for 24 hours before adding food.
• Check for ammonia leaks. If you can smell ammonia, you'll need professional assistance as this indicates a leak in the cooling coil.

Propane is connected but there's no flame

Debris may be blocking the refrigerator's burner unit. Check for debris near the burner and try to light the flame again. If the flame is weak, there may still be rust or other matter trapped in the burner. You can use a shop vac to remove debris.

Safety precautions for troubleshooting

• Before troubleshooting, remove the power source and, if applicable, the propane source.
• Read your refrigerator's user manual carefully as you open access panels or remove parts.
• When working near electrical components, wear rubber gloves and rubber-soled shoes to avoid electrical shock.
• Keep water and other liquids away from the work area.
• Do not perform troubleshooting or repairs during rainy or stormy weather.

Equipment for troubleshooting

• A digital multimeter or voltmeter can tell you whether there's power going to your fridge.
• Keep a basic set of tools on hand to remove panels and perform other simple tasks.
• Keep some spare parts on hand, such as an RV fridge thermocouple, as these can be temperamental.

Frequently asked questions