Transforming Utility Trailers: Diy Camping Trailer Project

how to make a utility trailer into a camper

Converting a utility trailer into a camper is a great option for those who want to go on road trips and camp on a budget. It is a customizable, cost-effective, and lightweight alternative to traditional RVs. Depending on the type of trailer and the complexity of the conversion, it can cost anywhere from under $1,000 to $15,000. The process can be time-consuming, requiring a lot of hard work and dedication, but the end result is a unique, customized camper that suits your specific needs and preferences.

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Planning: Research, make a wish list, draft a floor plan, and set a budget

Research

Before you start converting your utility trailer into a camper, it's important to do your research. This is not a project for the faint of heart and can take anywhere from a month to a couple of years to complete, depending on the type of trailer you're converting and how often you can work on it. Immerse yourself in the camper conversion space by watching YouTube videos and reading blogs to learn from the experiences of others. Some recommended YouTube channels include New Jersey Outdoor, Exploring Alternatives, Offroad Nomads, and DIY Cargo Trailer. If you prefer reading, check out blogs like Cargo Trailer Campers. You can also attend RV shows and look at different models to get ideas and see what features you might want in your camper.

Make a Wish List

Once you've done your research and have an idea of the features and styles you like, it's time to make a wish list. Write down all the features you've seen that you really want in your camper. Be sure to consider the size and weight capacity of the cargo trailer you're working with to evaluate how realistic your wish list is.

Draft a Floor Plan

The next step is to draft a floor plan. Create several variations that include different combinations of your "must-have" features to see which layout you like best. Be sure to get feedback from anyone who will be sharing the space with you to help identify potential problems. For example, you might want to put the fridge and dishwasher in the same corner, but after getting a second opinion, you might realize that this would be a bad idea because you wouldn't be able to open both appliances at the same time.

Set a Budget

Finally, set a budget for your project. The cost of converting a cargo trailer into a camper can vary depending on the type and size of the trailer, how you plan to use it, and the cost of supplies in your area. Conversions can range from $7,000 to $15,000, but if you're on a tight budget, you can also opt for a more basic conversion with essential features like electrical, a vent, a cot, a basic sink, and carpeting.

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Strip down the trailer

Stripping down the trailer is the first step in executing your cargo trailer camper conversion. Take everything out of the trailer. You should be left with bare metal walls. If you've used the trailer for cargo in the past, clean the interior thoroughly so that there's no residual material left. The last thing you want is for your new camper to smell like whatever you previously stored. For example, if you used to store gasoline and old work rags, you'll want to get rid of that smell before you start living in the trailer.

If you're planning to install electrical wiring, vents, or plumbing, now is a good time to plan where you want those to go. You can mark the spots on the walls and ceiling where you'll want to cut holes for outlets, lighting, and pipes.

If you're keeping the floor of the trailer, you might want to protect it with a tarp or other covering while you work, to avoid damaging it.

If you're planning to frame and insulate the walls, you can start by framing the walls with 2x4s. Then, insulate between the studs with your chosen insulation material.

Once you've stripped down the trailer, you'll have a blank canvas to start building your new camper.

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Frame and insulate

Framing and Insulating Your Camper

Now that you've stripped your cargo trailer down to its bare walls, it's time to start building your camper's frame and adding insulation.

Framing

Use 2x4s to frame the walls you want to put up. If you're adding walls, now is the time to do it. Decide where you want your walls to go and frame them out. You can use wood or metal framing, depending on your preference and skill set.

Insulating

Once your framing is complete, it's time to insulate. Choose an insulation material that suits your needs and budget. Some common options include fibreglass batt insulation, spray foam insulation, or rigid foam board insulation.

Fibreglass batt insulation is a good option if you're on a budget. It's relatively inexpensive and easy to install. Simply cut the batts to size and fit them between the studs. Make sure to wear protective gear, including gloves, long sleeves, and a respirator, when handling fibreglass insulation.

Spray foam insulation is a great choice if you're looking for a more comprehensive insulation solution. It expands to fill every nook and cranny, creating an airtight seal that keeps your camper warm in the winter and cool in the summer. However, it can be more expensive and may require professional installation.

Rigid foam board insulation is another option that offers high R-values and can be cut to size easily. It's more expensive than fibreglass batt insulation but may be easier to work with for beginners.

No matter which type of insulation you choose, make sure to fill all gaps and crevices to ensure your camper is well-insulated. This will make a big difference in your comfort levels when camping in extreme temperatures.

Finishing Touches to Framing and Insulating

Once your insulation is in place, you may want to add a vapour barrier to protect it and improve its effectiveness. This could be as simple as a layer of plastic sheeting or a more specialised product like a reflective foil barrier.

With your framing and insulation complete, you're ready to move on to the next step of your utility trailer conversion: installing electrical wiring and solar power.

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Install electrical, solar power, HVAC, and plumbing

Electrical System

The electrical system in your camper trailer will be one of the most important features, providing power for various appliances and devices. Here are the steps to set up a basic electrical system:

  • Upgrade the wiring to at least 6AWG wire to carry enough power from the truck engine to the camper batteries. Copper wire is ideal but can be expensive.
  • Install breakers at both ends of the wiring to protect against short circuits and overloads. A breaker can also serve as a switch to disable the alternator charging function or for maintenance.
  • Use welding cables (e.g., 2AWG) to connect the truck's battery to the camper's battery. Ensure proper grounding and protect the cables from sharp edges.
  • Add a heavy-duty connector, such as an "Anderson Power Pole" connector, for a secure connection between the truck and camper systems.
  • Install a fuse or circuit breaker at each end of the positive battery charging cable to prevent sparks, overheating, and potential hazards.
  • Consider using a DC-DC charger or an Automatic Charge Relay (ACR) to manage the charging function between the truck and camper batteries.
  • Determine your power needs by calculating the wattage of the devices and appliances you plan to use. This will help you size your solar panels and battery capacity accordingly.

Solar Power System

Solar power is an excellent way to keep your camper trailer's batteries charged, especially when boondocking or camping off-grid. Here are the key components of a solar power system:

  • Solar Panels: Install solar panels on the roof or ground, ensuring they get adequate sunlight exposure. Harbor Freight offers 100-watt solar panel kits that are beginner-friendly.
  • Charge Controller: This regulates the solar power feeding into the batteries to prevent overcharging.
  • Batteries: Decide on the type and capacity of batteries you need. Common options include lead-acid, AGM, or lithium batteries.
  • Inverter: If you want to power 120 VAC devices, you'll need an inverter to convert the 12V DC battery power to 120V AC.

HVAC System

To regulate the temperature in your camper trailer, you'll need an HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) system. Most RVs come equipped with heaters, and some modern RVs also have AC heat pumps. Here are some considerations for your HVAC system:

  • Furnace: A propane furnace is ideal for extreme winter climates. It uses propane fuel to warm the air, and a fan circulates the warm air through the RV vents.
  • Heat Pump: AC heat pumps use electricity to warm the RV and are often part of the rooftop AC unit. They are more cost-effective than propane furnaces when connected to shore power but may struggle in temperatures below 45 degrees Fahrenheit.
  • Air Conditioner: Most modern air conditioners use refrigerants to cool the air. They pull in hot air, run it over evaporator coils containing refrigerants, and then compress the gaseous refrigerants back into liquids to dispel the heat.

Plumbing System

A functional plumbing system is essential for a comfortable camping experience. The system consists of two main parts: the fresh water system and the wastewater system. Here are the key components:

  • Fresh Water System: You can fill your fresh water tank via a hose connected to a "City Water" connection or through a gravity fill port on the camper's exterior. A water pump pressurizes the system for use.
  • Wastewater System: This consists of grey and black tanks. Grey tanks collect sink and shower wastewater, while black tanks are for toilet wastewater. Always leave the valves closed when connected to a campground, and ensure your black tank is at least half full for proper dumping.

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Finish the walls, cabinets, floors, and appliances

Now that the electricals, plumbing, and HVAC are in place, it's time to finish the walls, cabinets, floors, and appliances.

Finishing the walls

Use 5mm plyboard to seal the walls, cutting out spaces for lighting and outlets. Prime or texture the walls as desired before painting. If you're painting, it's a good idea to use a primer first. You can also add wallpaper or wall tiles to give the walls a unique look.

Cabinets

When installing cabinets, make sure to anchor them to the studs to prevent them from shifting during transit. Install cabinet clasps to keep the doors shut. If you're handy with woodworking tools, you can build custom cabinets to fit your specific needs. Otherwise, you can purchase pre-made cabinets and modify them as needed.

Floors

When choosing flooring, consider durability, ease of cleaning, and comfort. Vinyl tiles are a popular choice for trailer floors, as they are affordable, water-resistant, and relatively easy to install. You can also opt for carpet, especially if you're looking to add extra warmth and comfort. If you choose to install the floor before insulating, you can achieve a cleaner finish by laying the flooring first and then putting down a protective layer during construction.

Appliances

Now it's time to install your appliances! This could include a fridge, stove, oven, microwave, air conditioning unit, or any other amenities you've chosen for your trailer. Make sure to test each appliance after installation to ensure they are functioning properly and not tripping any breakers.

Once all the appliances are in place and working, it's time for the finishing touches. Touch up any paint or decorations, and stock your cabinets and fridge with supplies. You're now ready to hit the open road and enjoy your new mobile home!

Frequently asked questions

The cost of converting a utility trailer into a camper can vary depending on the materials used and the complexity of the build. Some people have reported completing the conversion for under $1,000, while others have spent between $7,000 and $15,000.

Converting a utility trailer into a camper can be a cost-effective way to create a customised camping trailer that suits your specific needs and preferences. It allows you to choose the gear you install and when to install it, and no professional conversion company can offer as much freedom as a DIY build.

It is important to consider the size, weight capacity, and construction quality of the utility trailer to ensure it can serve as a solid foundation for the conversion. Additionally, planning the layout of the camper, including the placement of appliances and furniture, is crucial to making the most of the limited space.

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