Effective Diy Camper Heating: Crafting A Cozy Adventure

how to make camper heating system

Heating a campervan is essential for comfortable living and travelling, especially during the colder months. There are several options for heating systems, each with its own advantages and considerations. The best option for you will depend on factors such as the size of your van, your travel destinations, and your budget. Here are some of the most popular choices:

- Diesel night heaters: These heaters are highly efficient, providing quick and reliable heat with minimal fuel consumption. They are ideal for those who value convenience and efficiency but can be noisy and may emit dangerous fumes if not properly maintained.

- Wood-burning stoves: This option offers a cosy and traditional way to heat your van, adding ambiance to your living space. However, they require more effort in terms of fuel sourcing and maintenance, and may not be allowed at all campsites.

- LPG gas heaters: LPG gas heaters are efficient, safe, and provide consistent heat. They are a good choice for those already using LPG for cooking, but installation and fuel costs can be higher.

- Built-in electrical heaters: These heaters are often found in newer RVs and can provide free heat at campsites with electricity. They offer a dry heat that reduces condensation, but they may not be suitable for extreme cold weather or off-grid camping.

- Portable gas or electric heaters: These heaters are inexpensive, portable, and can be used as a supplemental heat source or for zone heating. However, they may not be powerful enough to heat a large RV in cold weather and may require additional installation to hook up to the RV's main propane tank.

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Sizing your system

The size of your campervan will determine the type of heating system you need. The heating system should be able to efficiently heat the space you intend to heat. Trying to heat a large area with a less powerful heater will not raise the temperature to a sufficient level. Conversely, heating a small area with a powerful heater will waste resources.

The size of your campervan will also determine the amount of fuel you will need. A larger campervan will require more fuel to heat than a smaller one. The Eberspacher S3 B5E (Gasoline) Hydronic Furnace, for example, uses fuel tapped from the onboard gas tank of a Promaster van. The factory tap only goes down to around 1/4 of the tank's capacity, so it is important to keep an eye on the fuel level.

If you are installing a wood-burning stove, you will need to consider the amount of storage space required for kindling and wood. You will also need to ensure that you comply with all clearance and heat shield requirements. The Cubic Mini wood stove, for example, requires 30 inches of clearance from the ceiling (or the addition of a heat shield), a total flue length of 40 inches, and 20 inches of clearance from combustible materials on all sides (or the addition of a heat shield).

If you are installing a diesel or gas heater, you will need to tap into your existing fuel source (gas tank) and route a small amount of 12V power to the heater. These heaters typically use a glow plug to ignite a small flame inside a contained combustion chamber, which heats a heat exchanger. Fresh air is pulled from outside the campervan, combusted in the heater, and the exhaust is vented outside.

If you are installing an LPG gas heater, you will need to consider the size of your LPG tank and the fuel consumption of the heater. LPG heaters are fuelled by natural gas and can be used to heat both your water and the interior of your campervan.

If you are installing a built-in electrical heater, you will need to ensure that your RV has sufficient electrical power to operate the heater. These heaters typically run off of electricity and can be powered by a generator or solar panels.

If you are installing a portable gas or electric heater, you will need to ensure that you have sufficient space in your campervan to store the heater. These heaters typically do not require any installation or ductwork and can be plugged directly into your main power outlets. However, they may not be powerful enough to heat a large RV in cold weather.

In addition to the size of your campervan, you should also consider the climate you will be travelling in and the amount of insulation you have. Proper insulation is key to retaining heat, so be sure to insulate the walls, floor, and ceiling of your campervan to prevent heat loss. Thermal curtains can also help keep the heat in and the cold out, especially at night.

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Fuel sources

The fuel source you choose for your camper heating system will depend on several factors, including the size of your camper, your travel destinations, and your budget. Here are some of the most common fuel sources for camper heating systems:

Diesel

Diesel night heaters are one of the most common heating systems for camper vans, motorhomes, and other commercial vehicles. They provide quick and reliable heat with minimal fuel consumption, making them ideal for those who value convenience and efficiency. Diesel heaters use a minimal amount of fuel and produce near-instant heat. Most models have a digital screen that allows you to set the temperature and regulate the internal climate. Some models also have a timer feature, allowing you to program the heater to turn on and off at specific times. While diesel heaters are generally reliable and safe to use, they can be noisy, and older models or those that are poorly maintained may emit dangerous fumes. Additionally, they may require regular servicing and maintenance, which can add to the overall cost.

LPG/Natural Gas

LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) or natural gas heaters are similar to diesel heaters, but instead use gas as their fuel source. LPG heaters are safe and provide consistent heat, making them a popular choice for those who want to heat their camper efficiently. They can be externally mounted, saving valuable internal space, and allow for temperature regulation via a thermostat control panel. However, LPG heaters typically have higher installation and fuel costs compared to other options. Additionally, finding replacement fuel sources while travelling may be more challenging.

Wood

Wood-burning stoves offer a traditional and cosy way to heat your camper. They are cheap to buy and fuel, as wood can often be scavenged or purchased at a low cost. They are also quiet to run and easy to maintain, as there are no electrical components. However, wood-burning stoves require more effort in terms of fuel sourcing and maintenance, and they can be smelly, especially for those who are inexperienced in building fires. Additionally, some campsites may not allow the use of wood-burning stoves, and there may be safety regulations to comply with.

Electricity

Built-in or portable electric heaters are another option for heating your camper. Electric heaters provide dry heat, which helps to reduce condensation, and they do not require ventilation. They are often aesthetically pleasing, with some models resembling fireplaces or stoves. Electric heaters are typically inexpensive and can be easily plugged into power outlets. However, they may not be powerful enough to heat larger campers or motorhomes in cold weather, and they require a steady supply of electricity, making them less suitable for off-grid camping.

Hydronic Heating

Hydronic heating systems use heated coolant to produce hot air, water, and radiant flooring. They are a great option for those who want multiple heating elements in a compact system. Hydronic heating systems are energy-efficient, work at high altitudes, and have a higher heat output than air heaters. However, they tend to be more complex to install and can be more expensive, with costs ranging from $4,000 to $6,000.

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Installation costs

The installation costs of a camper heating system vary depending on the type of heater chosen, the size of the campervan, and the complexity of the installation.

For example, a basic wood-burning stove has minimal installation costs, whereas a full gas multi-cylinder refill system with an LPG heater can be much more expensive. The type of heater you choose will depend on your budget, the size of your campervan, and your travel destinations.

If you opt for a diesel heater, prices can range from £600 to £2000. Chinese models are becoming increasingly popular at a drastically reduced price. Diesel heaters are the most common heating system for campervans and are highly reliable, with minimal fuel consumption. They can be mounted outside the vehicle, freeing up internal space. However, they can be noisy from the outside, and older models or those that are poorly maintained may emit dangerous fumes.

LPG heaters are another option, offering safe and consistent heat. However, installation and fuel costs can be higher. The initial investment in a suitable gas storage system may be a factor to consider.

Wood-burning stoves are a cheap option, ranging from £100 to £300 for a 2kW unit. They offer a cosy and traditional way to heat your campervan but require more effort in terms of fuel sourcing and maintenance. They can also be smelly, especially for novice fire-makers, and there may be restrictions on lighting them at certain campsites.

The cost of installing a heating system in a campervan is not just limited to the heater itself. You may also need to factor in the price of insulation, thermal curtains, and rugs or carpets for additional insulation.

Overall, the installation costs of a camper heating system can vary significantly, depending on your specific needs and choices. It is important to research and compare different options to find the most suitable and cost-effective solution for your campervan.

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Maintenance costs

  • Appliance servicing: This includes refrigerators, stoves, heaters, and water heaters commonly found in campervans. Servicing these appliances typically involves cleaning, inspecting, and testing them to ensure proper functioning. On average, expect to pay between £50 to £150, or $60 to $180, per appliance, excluding additional parts or repairs.
  • Plumbing system maintenance: Campervans with water systems require regular maintenance such as flushing and sanitising water tanks, checking for leaks or blockages, and servicing the water pump. Budget between £50 to £200, or $60 to $240, for plumbing maintenance, excluding additional parts or repairs.
  • Electrical system inspections: Regular inspections of the electrical system are necessary to identify potential issues. Expect to pay between £50 to £150, or $60 to $180, for electrical inspections, excluding additional repairs or upgrades.
  • Structural maintenance: This includes checking for leaks, inspecting seals and seams, and repairing any damage to walls, roof, or flooring. Budget between £100 to £500, or $120 to $600, or more for structural maintenance, depending on the scope of work.
  • Gas system checks: Regular checks and servicing of gas appliances, regulators, and connections are essential for safety. Expect to pay between £50 to £150, or $60 to $180, for gas system checks, excluding additional parts or repairs.
  • Rust treatment and repair: Rust is a common issue, especially in older campervans. Treating and repairing rust can cost several hundred pounds or dollars, depending on the severity and whether you hire a professional.
  • Dent removal: Professional dent removal services can range from £50 to £150, or $60 to $180, per dent. DIY kits are also available for around £15, or $18.
  • Paint touch-up and respray: Professional paint touch-up services can start from £100, or $120, for small areas, while a full respray can cost several hundred to several thousand pounds or dollars, depending on the job.
  • Sealant and weatherproofing: Sealant kits can range from a few pounds or dollars to £50, or $60, for a complete kit.
  • Panel replacement or repair: Professional panel replacement or repair services can range from a few hundred to several thousand pounds or dollars, depending on the extent of damage and the type of panels.
  • Battery maintenance: Battery maintenance is relatively low-cost and involves basic cleaning supplies and time.
  • Wiring repairs and upgrades: DIY wiring repairs can cost as little as £20, or $24, for materials, while professional repairs and upgrades can range from £100 to £500, or $120 to $600, or more, depending on the complexity.
  • Solar panel maintenance: Solar panel maintenance is relatively low-cost and involves basic cleaning supplies and time.
  • Fuel expenses: Fuel expenses depend on factors such as fuel efficiency, distance travelled, and current fuel prices. Campervans may have larger engines and lower fuel efficiency, resulting in higher fuel costs.
  • Insurance: Insurance costs vary based on the vehicle's value, age, usage, and coverage level. In the UK, third-party-only insurance can start from £100 to £300, or $120 to $360, per year, while comprehensive insurance can range from £300 to £1,000, or $360 to $1,200, or more.
  • Road Tax: In the UK, road tax for campervans ranges from £165 to £275, or $200 to $330, per year, depending on emissions and fuel type.
  • Campsites and parking fees: Expect to pay between £15 to £40, or $18 to $48, per night for basic campsites, and £20 to £60, or $24 to $72, or more for sites with electricity, water, and waste disposal. Parking fees can range from free to £20, or $24, per night.
  • Internet and communication: Data plans and portable Wi-Fi devices can range from £10 to £50, or $12 to $60.

It's important to schedule routine maintenance, inspect the habitation area regularly, keep appliances and systems in good working order, and monitor tyre condition and inflation. Creating a monthly budget for campervan expenses and setting aside funds for emergencies can help manage maintenance costs effectively.

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Heating methods

The best way to heat a camper van depends on several factors, including the size of your van, your travel destinations, and your budget. Here are some of the most popular heating methods for camper vans:

Diesel Night Heaters

Diesel night heaters are one of the most common heating systems for camper vans. They are highly efficient, providing quick and reliable heat with minimal fuel consumption. These heaters use a small amount of diesel fuel and produce near-instant heat. They can be regulated with a thermostat and some models can be programmed to turn on at a specific time. They are typically mounted outside the vehicle, freeing up internal space. Diesel is widely available, making it a convenient fuel source for travellers. However, diesel heaters can be noisy, and older models or those that are poorly maintained may emit dangerous fumes. They also require regular servicing and maintenance, which adds to the overall cost.

Wood-Burning Stoves

Wood-burning stoves offer a traditional and cosy way to heat a camper van. They are relatively inexpensive to buy and fuel, as wood can often be scavenged or purchased cheaply. They are easy to maintain and produce a dry heat output, which is excellent for drying clothes and footwear. However, they require more effort in terms of fuel sourcing and can be smelly, especially for those who are inexperienced in building fires. They also require storage space for wood and kindling, and the disposal of burnt fuel (ash and embers). Additionally, some campsites do not allow wood-burning stoves, and insurance coverage may be an issue.

LPG Gas Heaters

LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) heaters are efficient and safe, providing consistent heat for camper vans. They are similar to diesel heaters in their operation, using combustion and a heat exchanger to warm the air. LPG heaters are often externally mounted, saving internal space. They are ideal for those who already use LPG for cooking, as the same fuel source can be utilised. However, installation and fuel costs for LPG heaters can be higher, and finding replacement fuel sources while travelling may be challenging.

Hydronic Heating Systems

Hydronic heating systems, such as the Eberspaecher AquaSystem, use heated coolant to produce hot air, hot water, and radiant flooring. They are highly efficient, work at high altitudes, and have a higher heat output than air heaters. They are a great option for van lifers who want multiple heating elements in a compact system. However, the cost is a significant factor, as hydronic heaters can range from $4,000 to $6,000. They are also complex to install, requiring a good understanding of coolant loops.

Portable Gas Heaters

Portable gas heaters are a popular option for those who want to add supplemental heat to their camper vans. They are inexpensive, portable, and do not require any installation or electricity. They can be used in addition to an existing heating system or as a standalone heat source. However, they may not be powerful enough to heat large camper vans in cold weather, and there are safety concerns due to a lack of ventilation.

Built-in Electrical Heaters

Some newer RVs come equipped with built-in electrical heaters, often integrated into the AC unit. These heaters provide free heat at campsites with electricity, saving money on fuel costs. They produce a dry heat that reduces condensation, and they do not require ventilation. However, they are not suitable for extreme cold weather, as they typically do not provide heat to the plumbing or water tanks. Additionally, they require electricity to operate, which may not be available at all campsites.

Frequently asked questions

Camper heating systems can be broadly categorized into portable and built-in systems. Portable systems include portable gas heaters, portable electric heaters, and wood-burning stoves. Built-in systems include diesel night heaters, LPG gas heaters, and built-in electrical heaters.

Diesel night heaters are highly efficient, providing quick and reliable heat with minimal fuel consumption. They are ideal for those who value convenience and efficiency. However, they can be noisy and may emit dangerous fumes if not properly maintained.

LPG gas heaters are efficient, safe, and provide consistent heat. They are especially suitable for those already using LPG for cooking. However, installation and fuel costs can be higher, and LPG gas may be harder to source while travelling.

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